Research in Community and Public Health Nursing

Invited Paper

[Korean] Mixed Methods Systematic Review Approach to Combine Quantitative Evidence And Qualitative Evidence: Hyun-Ju Seo; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2025;36(4):353-360. Published online December 31, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2025.01410

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This article aims to provide detailed information on mixed methods systematic reviews (MMSRs), including formulating review questions, related processes focused on a convergent integrated approach, and integrating qualitative and quantitative review evidence, and to suggest recommendations for reviewers undertaking MMSRs. Methods: This article provides a brief introduction to the researchers on the purpose of MMSRs, the methodological framework with related examples, and practical tips for conducting MMSRs. Results: MMSRs are a relatively emerging approach to evidence synthesis methods that provide a line of argument or overall configuration derived from primary quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods research. By integrating quantitative and qualitative synthesized findings, a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of interest can be obtained, particularly for complex interventions in health systems or public health contexts. Conclusion: Due to the complex process of conducting MMSRs, reviewers need to adhere to methodological guidance to enhance the validity and robustness of review findings.

Original Articles

[Korean] The Midwifery Training Program at Ilshin Women’s Hospital and Its Meaning: From 1953 to 1978: Eunyoung Kim, Jihyun Lee; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2025;36(3):292-303. Published online September 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2025.01109

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the meaning of the midwifery training program initiated by Australian missionaries at Ilshin Women’s Hospital in 1953. Methods: Historical methodology using the annual reports (1953-1970) published by Ilshin Women's Hospital and related newspapers, magazines, and books as the primary source. Results: The Ilshin Women’s Hospital was established in 1952 by Australian missionaries Helen P. Mackenzie and Catherine M. Mackenzie. In response to the exigencies of the Korean War, the hospital initiated a program to train midwives in 1953. The objective of midwifery training program was to improve the health of women and children by providing nurses with sufficient education and training to be responsible for prenatal care and normal delivery service. As of December 1978, a total of 1,037 nurses had received midwifery training over a period of 26 years. These midwives have advanced into urban and rural areas across the country to take charge of maternal and child health care, contributing to reducing the gap in maternal and child health practice. Conclusion: The midwifery training program at Ilshin Women's Hospital has had an impact on enhancing maternal and child health at the community and national levels by graduating professional healthcare personnel through hands-on training that can be put into practice. It has also improved the level of maternal and child health in Korea through its systematic midwifery education and management system.

[Korean] Korea’s First Manual of Public Health Nursing: A Foundation for Public Health Nursing Practice in Korea: Junho Jung, Kyunghee Yi; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2025;36(3):245-256. Published online September 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2025.01102

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study aims to understand the functions and roles of public health nursing, which played a key role in public health center activities during the formative years of the organizations in Korea. It does so by analyzing the structure and content of Manual of Public Health Nursing, the first of its kind published in Korea, as well as its authors’ records—particularly the U.S. nurse advisors. Methods: Manual of public health nursing was investigated from the cover to the appendix with other related records from the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Results: The manual was published in response to the expansion of health centers and the increasing need for standardized practice for public health nurses. It includes theoretical and practical guidelines on maternal and child health, communicable disease control, school health, health education, etc. as well as the qualifications of public health nurses. The manual was influenced by U.S. nursing education and international public health manuals. Conclusion: The manual played a critical role in shaping early public health nursing practices in Korea by providing essential knowledge and standardizing public health services. It reflected Korea’s evolving public health system, heavily influenced by U.S. aid and technical assistance. Despite its significance, challenges such as a shortage of trained public health nurses and an underdeveloped administrative structure remained unresolved.

[Korean] A Study on Outcomes of the Utilization of Visiting Nursing Service at the Integrated Visiting Nursing Center in Bucheon-si: Hyun-Kyung Park, Ae Jung Yoo, Ju Young Yoon, Jae Woo Choi; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2023;34(2):127-134. Published online June 30, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2023.00045

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
The government has implemented a pilot project for community care for older adults and the integrated visiting nursing center in Bucheon-si operated by public fund of government to provide visiting nursing service for older adults. This study aimed to analyze the outcomes of the utilization of visiting nursing service at the integrated visiting nursing center in Bucheon-si.
Methods
This study linked the personal data from the pilot project for community care with the National Health Insurance data. The final subjects comprised 30 participants and 110 of the matched control group. The length of home stay, hospitalization, and the admission for long-term care facilities or convalescent hospitals were measured. Statistical analysis was performed through difference-in-differences analysis using generalized estimating equation and Cox proportional hazards model.
Results
The results indicated an increase of 28.2 days for length of home stay and a reduction of 69% in hospitalization from medical institutions and 81% in admission of long-term care facilities or convalescent hospitals among participants compared to the control group.
Conclusion
The visiting nursing service of the integrated visiting nursing center was effective in extending length of home stay and lowering the hospitalization of medical institutions and admission of long-term care facilities or convalescent hospitals.

[Korean] Needs assessment of community health practitioners for community care competency of older adults: Na Bee Yoon, Hyeon Kyeong Lee, Haesun Lee, Sang Woo Park; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2023;34(1):32-42. Published online March 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2022.00360

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
To identify needs and priorities of community care competency for older adults among community health practitioners. Methods: Data were collected from a convenient sample of 326 community health practitioners using an online questionnaire, which included items on community care competencies and personal characteristics. Items were developed through literature review, consultation meeting, content validity verification, and preliminary investigation. The data were analyzed using the t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffe’s test with SPSS 25.0. The analysis of needs and priorities was conducted by using the Borich needs assessment and the Locus for focus model. Results: Three competencies have been identified as high-priority needs; ‘Linkages with resources’, ‘Education to others’, ‘Leadership and management’. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate the need to develop an educational program for community health practitioners to strengthen community care competencies. The programs will need to be provided, especially for young community health practitioners, to ensure that they are well equipped to care for community-dwelling older adults living in rural areas.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Awareness and needs for integrated care convergence education among some health students
Hye-Eun Cho, Ji-Yeon Lee, Jong-Hee Han
Journal of Korean Society of Dental Hygiene.2024; 24(1): 79. CrossRef

[Korean] A Structural Equation Model on Standard Precautions Compliance of Nursing Students: Hey Jin Ha, Eun A Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2022;33(3):321-331. Published online September 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2022.33.3.321

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study is to establish a structural model for standard precautions compliance of nursing students. This conceptual model was based on the IMB (Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills) model of Fisher and Fisher. Methods: Data were collected from October 12 to December 1, 2020, and the subjects were nursing students from G metropolitan city and J province, and the data of a total of 334 subjects were analyzed. For data analysis, this study used the SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 programs. Results: The hypothetical model showed a good fit to the data: x ² =106.46 (p<.001), x ² /df=2.54, RMSEA=.07, SRMR=.04, CFI=.96, TLI=.94. It was confirmed that the variables that have a statistically significant influence on the standard precautions compliance in nursing students were in the order of self-efficacy, social support, personal attitude, and standard precautions knowledge. The model explained 48.3% of the variance in standard precautions compliance of nursing students. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop and apply various specialized extracurricular programs that can induce an individual attitude toward observing standard precautions compliance in a positive direction in relationships with teachers and peers and gain their support.

[English] Factors Affecting the Social Distance toward Older Adults of Nursing Students: Ji Yeon Ha, Ju Young Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2019;30(4):539-549. Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2019.30.4.539

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to identify the factors related to the social distance toward older adults in nursing college students.
METHODS
The participants comprised 137 students in a nursing college. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires in March 2019. The measurement instruments included social distance scales, the Fact on Aging Quiz (FAQ I), a 20-item semantic differential scale (to assess attitudes), and the perceived elderly stigma scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's correlation coefficient, and a multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS
The total score for social distance toward older adults was 3.98Â±0.54 out of a maximum of 5. Social distance had a statistically significant relationship with knowledge (r=.20, p=.022), attitudes toward older adults (r=âˆ’.31, p < .001), and elderly stigma (r=âˆ’.27 p=.008). The factors affecting social distance were education in geriatrics (Î²=.33, p=.004), grade (Î²=-.29, p=.014), attitudes (Î²=âˆ’.21, p=.018), academic major satisfaction (Î²=.19, p=.028), and knowledge (Î²=.15, p=.048); the explanatory power of the model was 34%.
CONCLUSION
There is a need for departmental efforts that nursing students acquire correct knowledge about the life and health of the elderly with the aging process and develop positive attitudes toward older adults through various experiences in gerontological nursing practicum and community senior-college student link programs.

[English] The Effect of Health Literacy and Self-care Performance on Health Care Utilization of Medicaid Elderly: Yun Hee Hwang, Ga Eon Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2019;30(4):484-493. Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2019.30.4.484

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of health literacy and self-care performance on health care utilization of medicaid elderly.
METHODS
A total of 203 medicaid elderly over 65 and living in B-metropolitan city were interviewed. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and Hierarchical Multiple regression.
RESULTS
The average score of the health literacy was 7.88Â±2.84 out of 12. The average score of self-care was 3.26Â±0.77 points on the 5 point scale. The frequency of health care utilization by the subjects was 6.65Â±5.25 a month. The health literacy and self-care performance showed a statistically significant positive correlation. The health literacy and self-care performance showed a statistically significant negative correlation with health care utilization. The factors affecting health care utilization of the subjects were self-care performance, health literacy, and religion, and the explanatory power was 25%.
CONCLUSION
The results indicate that the self-care performance, health literacy, religion are significant factors of health care utilization in medicaid elderly. Therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies to improve their self-care performance and health literacy for reasonable health care utilization. Also, it is necessary to provide the elderly with correct information about medical use from accessible religious institutions, senior community center, and welfare centers.

Citations

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Factors influencing handwashing among community dwelling older adults, using the 2021 Community Health Survey: A secondary analysis study
Yun Hee Hwang, Hye Jung Jun
Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2023; 25(2): 197. CrossRef

[English] Health-promoting Lifestyle of Nursing Students: Using Mixed Methods Research: Hyun Ju Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2019;30(4):414-425. Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2019.30.4.414

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of psychosocial wellbeing status and self efficacy on health-promoting behavior of nursing students, and to explore the experiences related to health-promoting behavior.
METHODS
For this study, an explanatory sequential mixed method design approach was used with survey data collected from 148 nursing students. In addition, qualitative data for exploration of health-promoting behavior experience were collected from three focus-group interviews of 17 participants. Quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 25.0 and qualitative data were analyzed by making contents analysis with Nvivo 12.0.
RESULTS
The results showed that psychosocial wellbeing status, self efficacy, grade, and regularity meal explained 43.0% of the variance in health-promoting behavior. And seven themes from the collected significant statements about experience of health-promoting behavior included the daily life going on without delay; changes in body which is felt; recognizing the necessity of health care; making efforts to increase physical activities; revising eating habit; looking for the way to relieve stress; and attempting to divert my thoughts.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop and verify health program in order to improve nursing students' health-promoting behavior. And university authorities and government should make an effort to improve nursing students' health-promoting behavior.

Citations

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Health promoting lifestyle behaviors and associated predictors among clinical nurses in China: a cross-sectional study
Wen Zeng, Shaomei Shang, Qian Fang, Shan He, Juan Li, Yuanrong Yao
BMC Nursing.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

[English] Comparison between Korean and Japanese Nursing Students in Their Disaster Preparedness: Suk Jung Han, Chung Min Cho, Young Ran Lee, Kaori Nagasaka, Mie Izummune, Sang Bok Lee, Ji Young Chun; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2018;29(4):499-509. Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2018.29.4.499

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to identify differences in disaster awareness, disaster preparedness, and nursing knowledge and practices between Korean and Japanese nursing students.
METHODS
The study subjects were 4th grade nursing students who completed their nursing education in Korea or in Japan. 359 students from Korea and 135 students from Japan participated in this study. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 21.0. The Ï‡2 test and the t-test were used to analyze the homogeneity of subjects' general characteristics and disaster-related characteristics. The comparison between the Korean and Japanese nursing students in disaster awareness, disaster preparedness, and nursing knowledge and practices were conducted using ANCOVA.
RESULTS
The Korean nursing students' disaster awareness, disaster preparedness, and nursing knowledge and practice were different from their Japanese counterparts'. The Korean nursing students recognized that the system of disaster management in Korea was insufficient and the negligence of management was one of the causes of the disaster. They wanted to participate in activities for disaster preparedness education and management.
CONCLUSION
A disaster nursing curriculum dealing with disaster awareness, disaster preparedness, and nursing knowledge and practices, should be developed, implemented, and evaluated particularly for Korean nursing students.

Citations

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Relationship Between Nursing Students’ Awareness of Disaster, Preparedness for Disaster, Willingness to Participate in Disaster Response, and Disaster Nursing Competency
Ji-Suk Kang, Hyejin Lee, Ji Min Seo
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Influence of social responsibility and pandemic awareness of nursing students on COVID-19 preventive behaviours: a cross-sectional online survey in South Korea
Minji Kim, Hyeonkyeong Lee
BMJ Open.2022; 12(12): e061767. CrossRef

[English] A Literature Review of the Studies on Cultural Competency of Nurses and Nursing Students in Korea: Min A Kim, So Eun Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2018;29(4):450-466. Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2018.29.4.450

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PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to identify trends in research on cultural competency of nursing students and nurses in Korea and to provide suggestions for future studies.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted with 432 papers published between 1985 and 2016 from five electronic databases and other sources using such key words as â€˜cultural competencyâ€™, â€˜cultural nursingâ€™, â€˜multi-cultural competencyâ€™, â€˜nursing studentsâ€™, â€˜nursesâ€™, etc.
RESULTS
The research design of 86 nursing researches on the cultural competence of nurses and nursing students analyzed in this study was 90.7% in quantitative research, 9.3% in qualitative research, and 2.3% in mixed research. Cultural competence was the most measured concept. A total of 41 papers (47.7%) out of 86 papers were used to measure cultural competence. Ten different tools were used various instruments of cultural competency were used in 41 papers. In 11 experimental studies, new methods such as role playing, case study, four stage 3D puzzle model, newspaper reading, and writing reflection note were used other than traditional method of lecture.
CONCLUSION
The overall findings of this study suggest that future research should include more well-designed experimental studies, qualitative studies and repeated studies to confirm the effects of findings from previous studies. Development of effective and highly diverse teaching methods is recommended to increase cultural competency. Supporting systems and funding are required to help activate research of nurses.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

A Study on Global Nursing Practice Education Experience
Eun Sil Cho, Myoung Hee Seo, Soo Ok You, Ok Hee Ahn, Myeoung Hi Song
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2021; 32(4): 485. CrossRef

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