Research in Community and Public Health Nursing

Original Articles

[English] The Relationships between Rural Elderly’s Suicide Literacy, Suicide Stigma and Coping Advice for Suicide Prevention: The Moderated Mediation Effect of Social Expectations for Experiencing Negative Emotions: Soon Tae An, Han Nah Lee, Jeong Hee Cho; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2022;33(2):164-174. Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2022.33.2.164

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the rural elderly suicide literacy level upon suicide stigma and coping advice with suicidal crises (recommending professional help for a suicidal person). In particular, this study investigates the role of cultural norms (perceived social expectations for the experience of negative emotions) on suicide stigma and coping ability. Methods A survey was conducted addressing elderly people (N=119) living in rural areas. Regression analysis using SPSS PROCESS macro was used to examine the relationships among the key variables. Results Participants with higher suicide literacy showed lower suicide stigma, and this perception had a significant effect on enhancing their coping advice with suicidal crises. Also, perceived social expectations significantly influenced the relationship between suicide stigma and coping advice. With lower levels of social expectations, the mediating effect of suicide stigma on the relationship between suicide literacy and recommending professional help did not exist whereas the indirect effect was significant when it pertained to high levels of social expectations. Conclusion This result signifies that suicide stigma serves as a barrier deterring Koreans from reaching out for professional help regarding their mental health. Moreover, these findings underscore the importance of cultural psychological factors such as perceived social expectations in terms of developing suicide prevention strategies.

[English] Community Case Managers’ Experiences of Overcoming Suicide Crises among Late Adolescents in South Korea: Yeo Won Jeong, Kyung Im Kang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2021;32(4):477-484. Published online December 31, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2021.32.4.477

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
Various intervention strategies are needed to reduce the suicide rate among late adolescents. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the factors that can help overcome suicidal tendencies in late adolescents from the perspective of case managers.
Methods
This qualitative study explored the reinforcing factors that can help overcome suicidal behaviors in late adolescents, by conducting focus group interviews with case managers from the local community. Interviews with 10 case managers were recorded and transcribed, and the data were analyzed using the content analysis method.
Results
The main theme of this study was “a step in a new direction”. Three categories were derived: “inner changes”, “another possibility opened up by the interest of significant others”, and “connecting with community resources to help overcome”. Each category had subcategories that influenced the intention and course of action of behaviors to overcome the suicide crises.
Conclusion
Our findings, from the exploration of the experiences of case managers, provide an in-depth understanding of the reinforcing factors for overcoming suicide among late adolescents. They provide useful preliminary data for the development of effective suicide prevention programs for the adolescents.

[English] Associated Factors of Depression and Suicidal Behaviors among Korean Adolescents: Web-based Survey of the Korea Youth Risk Behavior in 2015~2017: Hyun A Choi, Hye Jin Yang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2021;32(3):292-302. Published online September 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2021.32.3.292

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5 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
Suicide among adolescents is a serious problem worldwide, and especially, the suicide rate of teenagers is increasing rapidly in South Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the respective suicidal behavior in terms of home-environment characteristics, health behavior characteristics, and psychological health characteristics in Korean adolescents.
Methods
The data of the Web-based Survey of the Youth Risk Behavior from 2015 to 2017 collected by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Results
The influential factors by depression and suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation (SI), suicidal plan (SP), and suicidal attempt (SA)) were female(adjusted odds ratios [aOR], 1.45, 1.69, 1.30, 2.19), age (aOR 1.03, 0.98, 0.97, 0.90), no family members (aOR 1.21, 1.36, 2.11, 2.32), living with only the father (aOR 1.05, 1.06, 1.07, 1.11), high economic status (aOR 1.15, 1.22, 1.34, 1.46), residence in relatives’ home (aOR 1.6, 1.36, 2.34, 1.97), drinking experience (aOR 1.35, 1.47, 1.57, 1.76), smoking experience (aOR 1.28, 1.30, 1.31, 1.94), hospital treatment experience due to violence (aOR 2.18, 3.33, 6.24, 8.40), bad health status (aOR 1.23, 1.48, 2.00, 2.15), unhappiness (aOR 2.49, 6.14, 6.72, 8.89), and a lot of stress (aOR 6.05, 10.40, 4.86, 5.52).
Conclusion
The suicidal behavior risk screening and prevention program for adolescents should be developed considering the subjective happiness and hospital treatment experience status due to violence that affects suicidal behavior.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Profiles of Perfectionism and Their Relations to Task Disengagement, Test Anxiety, and Depression in South Korean High School Students: The Mediating Role of Achievement Goals
Yoonkyung Chung, Joo Yeon Shin
European Journal of Education.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The residential, area-specific prevalence and associated factors of suicidal ideation among South Korean adolescents
Eunok Park, Hyo Young Lee
Preventive Medicine Reports.2024; 41: 102698. CrossRef
Predictors of suicide ideation among South Korean adolescents: A machine learning approach
Hayoung Kim Donnelly, Yoonsun Han, Suna Kim, Dong Hun Lee
Journal of Affective Disorders.2023; 329: 557. CrossRef
The influences of mental health problem on suicide-related behaviors among adolescents: Based on Korean Youth Health Behavior Survey
Eunok Park
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2023; 29(1): 98. CrossRef
Mental health of South Korean adolescents in the COVID-19 Era: Web-based survey focused on suicide-related factors
Sang Mi Kim, Yeong Mi Jeong, Hye Seon Park, Sulki Choi
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

[English] A Longitudinal Study on the Correlation between School-life Adjustment and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents based on the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey: Su Jeong Yang, Jong Eun Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2020;31(1):86-95. Published online March 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2020.31.1.86

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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between school-life adjustment and suicidal ideation in adolescents by applying the latent growth curve models to the longitudinal data.
Methods
This study analyzed three waves of data from the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey (2014~2016). A total of 1,534 students were included in the analysis. In the application of the latent growth curve models to the longitudinal survey data, we analyzed the initial status and growth changes for each wave, identified individual differences in the general characteristics, and examined the direct relationship between the two latent constructs.
Results
The analysis revealed that variations in the initial status and rate of school-life adjustment were significant with respect to parents’ education level, household income and academic satisfaction. Variations in the initial status and growth rate of suicidal ideation were significantly associated with household income and family structure. The relationship between school-life adjustment and suicidal ideation showed a negative correlation in which the starting value of the former increased and that of the latter decreased and vice versa.
Conclusion
The results confirmed that school-life adjustment and suicidal ideation varied according to students' general characteristics. In addition, school-life adjustment was negatively correlated with suicidal ideation, thereby highlighting students' ability to adjust as an important factor influencing their suicidal thinking.

Citations

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Age-Dependent Relationship between Self-Esteem and Depressive Symptoms in Korean Adolescents: a Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Sookyoung Son, Yoona Jang, Hyunjung Lee
Journal of Youth and Adolescence.2025; 54(3): 769. CrossRef

[English] Development of a Measurement of Suicidal Protection (MSP) for High School Students in Korea: Chan Sun Park, Sook Ja Yang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2019;30(2):161-173. Published online June 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2019.30.2.161

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to develop and test a measurement of the suicidal protection(MSP) for high school students in Korea.
METHODS
Thirty-four preliminary items were initially developed based on literature review and focus group interviews. Those items were evaluated by experts for content validity with 31 items yielded. For testing validity and reliability of the measurement, data were collected from 330 high school students in Korea.
RESULTS
The item analysis selected 26 items. One item was deleted additionally through the primary exploratory factor analysis. The final exploratory factor analysis yielded 26 items in six factors such as fear of suicide, self-esteem, emotion regulation, support from others, support from family, and school life, explaining 66.6% of the total variance of the suicidal protection for high school students in Korea. Convergent validity and discriminant validity were supported by construct reliability, average variance extracted estimate, and standardized regression weight. MSP scores were positively associated with economic status, academic record and suicidal ideation. Also, criterion validity was supported through a significant correlation with the Reason for Living Inventory for Adolescent. The Cronbach's Î± reliability coefficient was .93 for the overall measurement and .72~.86 for the six factors.
CONCLUSION
The results show that MSP may be valid and reliable for assessing suicidal protection of high school students.

Citations

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A Review of Suicide Risk Assessment Tools and Their Measured Psychometric Properties in Korea
In-Chul Baek, Soobin Jo, Eun Ji Kim, Ga Ryoung Lee, Dong Hun Lee, Hong Jin Jeon
Frontiers in Psychiatry.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

[English] Identification of High-risk Groups of Suicide from the Depressed Elderly using Decision Tree Analysis: Se Hoon Hong, Dong Won Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2019;30(2):130-140. Published online June 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2019.30.2.130

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5 Citations

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The aim of this study is to explore levels of suicidal ideation and identify subgroups of high suicidal risk among the depressed elderly in Korea.
METHODS
A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted on secondary data from the 6th (1st year) Korean national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES). A total of 239 depressed elders aged 60 or over who participated in the KNHANES. The prevalence of suicidal ideation and its related factors, including sociodemographic, physical, psychological characteristics and quality of life (EQ-5D index) were examined. Descriptive statistics and a decision tree analysis were performed using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 and SPSS Modeler 14.2 programs.
RESULTS
Of the depressed elderly, 28.9% had suicidal ideation. Three groups with high suicidal ideation were identified. Predictive factors included perceived stress level, household income level, quality of life and restriction of activity. In the highest risk group were those depressed elderly with moderate and low levels of stress, less than .71 of EQ-5D index and restriction of activity, and 80.0% of these participants had suicidal ideation. The accuracy of the model was 80.8%, its sensitivity 85.9%, and its specificity 68.1%.
CONCLUSION
Multi-dimensional intervention should be designed to decrease suicide among the depressed elderly, particularly focusing on subgroups with high risk factors. This research is expected to contribute itself to the policy design and solution building in the future as it suggests policy implications in preventing the suicide of the depressed elderly.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The effect of dental hygienist work cooperation and compensation satisfaction on job embeddedness: mediating effect of positive psychological capital
Ju-Eon Kim, Seon-Yeong Kim
Journal of Korean Society of Dental Hygiene.2024; 24(3): 263. CrossRef
Professional self-concept, self-leadership, job stress and fatigue on clinical competence of dental hygienists
Kyung-Sun Choi, Choong-Ho Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2023; 47(1): 3. CrossRef
A prediction model for adolescents’ skipping breakfast using the CART algorithm for decision trees: 7th (2016–2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Sun A Choi, Sung Suk Chung, Jeong Ok Rho
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2023; 56(3): 300. CrossRef
Effect of Gratitude Training Program on Dental Hygiene Students' Gratitude Disposition, Self-Esteem, and Happiness
So-Young Lee
Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2017; 17(5): 405. CrossRef
Factors affecting the job satisfaction of the dental hygienists working in dental clinics or dental hospitals in Busan, Gyeongnam, and Gyeongbuk
Mi Ran Park, Jung Hwa Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2016; 40(3): 190. CrossRef

[English] Risk Factors for Suicidal Ideation among Middle Class Korean: Focusing on Psychosocial Comparison - An Analysis of a Nationwide Survey of the 8th Korea Health Panel Data: Ahra Jo, Bora Kang, Young Ju Seo, Eun Ha Gil, Hee Young Oh; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2018;29(1):1-10. Published online March 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2018.29.1.1

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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of suicidal ideation among middle class Korean.
METHODS
Cross sectional study was designed for secondary data analysis. From the 8th Korea Health Panel survey (2008~2013), a total of 6,037 data was drawn and analyzed by developmental stage using descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, Ï‡Â² test, and logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
Across all age groups, high physical-mental stress, frustration, anxiety about the future and low self-perceived health status or social class were found to be the risk factors of suicidal ideation. Peer-compared subjective health status and frustration significantly influenced the adolescents. The young adults' suicidal ideation was mainly influenced by physical and mental stress, frustration and absence of economic activity. For the middle-aged, physical and mental stress, frustration, future anxiety, low peer-compared subjective health status were found to be the major influencing factors. The predominant risk factors for the elderly were frustration and low peer-compared subjective health status.
CONCLUSION
Making comparisons to others significantly influence suicidal ideation throughout all life cycles. Improvement of mental health and suicide prevention can be enhanced by avoiding negative comparison to others.

Citations

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Factors affecting suicidal ideation among premenopausal and postmenopausal women
Go‐Un Kim, Hae Kyoung Son, Mi‐Young Kim
Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2021; 28(3): 356. CrossRef

[English] Associated Factors of Suicidal Ideation in Community Residents with Suicidal Attempt Experiences: Mi Young Kim, Seong Sook Jun, Kyung Hee Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2013;24(2):135-142. Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2013.24.2.135

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2 Citations

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study isto explore influencing factors which contribute to the suicidal ideation in community residents who have ever experienced suicidal attempts.
METHODS
The subjects of this study were a total of 165 local residents with some experiences of suicidal attempts in B City and K Province. The data were collected from May 1st to October 30th, 2012 and self-report questionnaires including Suicidal Ideation Inventory, Self-Esteem Inventory, Depression, Family and Social Support Inventory were used as a measurement tool. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program.
RESULTS
The average score of suicidal ideation in the local residents with experiences of suicidal attempts was 12.7+/-6.25. Predicted factors on suicidal ideation in the local residents with experiences of suicide attempts included self-esteem, depression and physical illness, and the suicidal ideation has a variance explanation power of 54%.
CONCLUSION
The development and application of intervention programs, which can help to increase self-esteem levels and decrease depression levels among community residents with experiences of suicidal attempts, are first needed. Furthermore, nursing services of customized self-management for people with physical disabilities are needed on the basis of their own physical problems.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Factors Affecting Suicidal Ideation Among Middle–Aged Korean Women in an Urban–Rural Province
Hae Kyung Jo, Hyun Kyoung Kim
Archives of Psychiatric Nursing.2016; 30(5): 539. CrossRef
Factors related to Suicidal Ideation in People with Schizophrenia and Suicide Attempts
Mi Young Kim, Seong Sook Jun
Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2014; 23(4): 259. CrossRef

[English] The Effects of a Depression Intervention and Suicide Prevention Program in Adolescents with High Risk of Suicide: Jae Soon Yoo, Jung Woo Son, Min Sun Nam; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2010;21(1):71-81. Published online March 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2010.21.1.71

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6 Citations

Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
This study was to examine the effects of a depression intervention and suicide prevention program in adolescents with high risk of suicide.
METHODS
This research was designed as a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest study. The participants were adolescents with high risk of suicide in mental health screening examination. A total of 40 adolescents (experimental group=21, control group=19) were sampled from C-gun, Chungbuk Province. The experimental group participated in the depression intervention and suicide prevention program for eight sessions while the control group did not participate in the program. Data were collected with a self-reporting structured questionnaire from November to December, 2008. SPSS/Win 12.0 was used for data analyses including chi-square test, t-test, and paired t-test.
RESULTS
After this program, there was no statistically significant difference in depression (t=1.498, p=.142) between the two groups, but depression decreased in the experimental group. There was a statistically significant difference in suicide ideation (t=2.058, p=.047).
CONCLUSION
To decrease depression and suicide ideation in adolescents with high risk of suicide, it is necessary to offer this program in a more intensive course and for a longer period. Also, family consultation programs and individual case treatment and consultation programs should be offered.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Path to Suicidality in Korean Adolescents: Mediating Role of Self-Esteem, Somatic Symptoms, and Self-Harm Amid Depressive Symptoms
Jiyeon Kim, Myongsun Cho
Healthcare.2024; 12(16): 1662. CrossRef
Predicting South Korea adolescents vulnerable to depressive disorder using Bayesian nomogram: A community-based cross-sectional study
Haewon Byeon
World Journal of Psychiatry.2022; 12(7): 915. CrossRef
Association between academic performance and depression, suicidal behavior among Korean adolescents
Ji Eun Kim, Sun Jung Kim
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2020; 37(3): 57. CrossRef
Determinants of Mental Health Care Utilization in a Suicide High-risk Group With Suicidal Ideation
Hyun-Soo Kim, Moo-Sik Lee, Jee-Young Hong
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2016; 49(1): 69. CrossRef
A review of school-based suicide prevention interventions in South Korea, 1995–2015
Jung Won Kong, Jung Woo Kim
Children and Youth Services Review.2016; 69: 193. CrossRef
Validation of the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire in Korean Adolescents
Seul-Ah Lee, Keun-Hyang Kim, Sun-Mi Cho
Psychiatry Investigation.2015; 12(2): 218. CrossRef

[English] Factors Influencing Suicide Ideation among Adolescents: Jae Soon Yoo, Jung Woo Son, Min Sun Nam; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2008;19(3):419-430. Published online September 30, 2008

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify variables influencing suicide ideation among adolescents.
METHODS
Data were collected from 235 middle school students in Chungbuk Province from April to September 2007. We used the Korean versions of Reynold's Suicide Ideation Questionnaire, Children's Depression Inventory and Conners-Wells' Adolescent Scale, Beck's Hopelessness Scale and Internet Addiction Scale-K for measuring the research variables.
RESULTS
Of the subjects, 23.0% were classified into the risk group of suicide ideation. Overall, the score of the suicide ideation scale was 14.25 (+/-16.38). The score of the suicide ideation scale in female adolescents (17.45+/-19.04) was significantly higher than that in male ones (11.17+/-12.65). Depression was a major predictor of suicide ideation. ADHD, gender, internet addiction, and hopelessness were the other significant predictors of suicide ideation.
CONCLUSION
A strategy for school mental health education should be provided in order to prevent suicide ideation. The function of school health and Mental Health Center should be reinforced in terms of organization and staff personnel.

[English] The Relationships among the Suicidal Risk, Self-Esteem, and Spiritual Well-being of High School Students: Yeong Ah Kim, Young Sook Kwon, Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2006;17(1):112-124. Published online March 31, 2006

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was carried out to investigate the relationships among suicidal risk, self-esteem, and spiritual well-being of high school students, and to provide basic data for developing suicide prevention programs.
METHOD
The subjects of this study were 1.176 high school students from six academic high schools and two technical high schools in Daegu City. Data were collected from the 13th to the 25th of September 2004. The research tools were the Suicide Probability Scale developed by Go. Kim and Lee (2000), the Self-Esteem Inventory modified by Choi and Jeon (1993), and the tool of Spiritual Well-Being modified by Yoo (2002). Data were analyzed with SPSS Windows 11.0.
RESULT
Variables that showed statistically significant difference in suicidal risk were school type, whether to have the best friends, the number of close friends, current relationship with close friends, experience of school violation, respect for the teacher, grades, financial condition, parents marital status, father's education level, mother's education level, home atmosphere, conversation with father, conversation with mother, smoking, drinking, experience of counseling for problems, whether to have physical illnesses, experience of thinking about suicide, experience of attempting suicide. Suicidal risk was in a significantly negative correlation with self-esteem and spiritual well-being.
CONCLUSION
The researcher identified many different variables that affect the suicidal risk of high school students. Self-esteem and spiritual well-being were found to be in a significant correlation with suicidal risk. Therefore, the results of this study can be used as basic data and information for suicidal prevention programs.

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