Figure 1

The practical steps in Q-methodology.

Figure 2

Sample of completed Q-Sort table for rank ordering Q-sample.

Table 1

Q-Statements and Z-Score Array (N=40)

Q-Statements	Z-Score
	I (n=15)	II (n=14)
1. Multiple cultures are to coexist with different cultures, and to appreciate and understand its value.	0.90	1.83
2. Multiple cultures are a community that diverse people are living together in harmony.	0.70	1.69
3. Stereotypes and prejudices against multi cultures can be changed by the experience in diverse cultures.	-0.50	1.35
4. Awareness and understanding of multi cultures are needed for globalization of our culture.	0.20	1.98
5. Forcibly combining with other cultures and our cultures are a dangerous policy.	0.30	1.05
6. Experiencing in diverse cultures is creating a new culture.	-0.40	1.42
7. It can be an opportunity to reflect myself through immigrants who are working hard.	-0.50	0.60
8. Do not forget the pride as a single-race nation. Do not be swayed by multiple culture.	-2.25	-0.10
9. Our society will become diverse and dynamic meeting new cultures.	-1.06	0.50
10. We can solve labor shortages and maintain a wide interpersonal relation through multiple cultures.	-0.20	0.50
11. I do not think foreign workers threaten the jobs and the livelihood of commons	-0.40	-0.90
12. The jobs for Korean are getting decreased by multiple cultures.	-1.15	-0.00
13. Economic benefits can be obtained by synergy effect of diverse cultures.	-1.00	0.60
14. Negative perceptions and values of international marriage are getting changed.	-0.70	-0.70
15. Divorce rate for international marriage couples seems to be higher.	-0.90	-0.90
16. Home education for children can be difficult because of domestic violence and trouble.	-1.00	-0.70
17. A low birth rate can be decreased.	-0.60	-0.60
18. Multicultural children can be confused about their identity as they grow.	0.30	0.60
19. Multicultural family itself is a discriminative word, so it cannot be used.	-0.10	-0.60
20. Multicultural children can be easily excluded in school life due to different looks.	0.10	-0.40
21. Multicultural children can be bilingual. I sometimes envy them.	0.20	0.20
22. Traditional cultures can be disappeared and cultural conflicts can occur.	-0.80	0.30
23. The thought that multicultural people are the weak would be wrong.	0.40	0.40
24. Population in Korea can be increased by bringing immigrants' family to live in Korea.	-1.78	-1.36
25. Illegal immigrants can be an obstacle to accept multiple cultures.	-0.30	-1.10
26. Multiple cultures make me think of foreign workers, poverty, and single mother.	-0.90	-0.90
27. Multiple cultures can be recognized as low level of cultures by ethnocentrism.	-1.28	-1.92
28. Multicultural people have more benefits than the native people, which can be reverse discrimination.	-0.80	-1.91
29. Crimes and violence can be developed by anger, resentment and conflicts on our society.	-0.70	-0.20
30. Constant attention and love is the only way to overcome prejudice against multiple cultures.	0.20	0.80
31. Study on the status of multicultural consciousness should be regularly carried out.	0.80	1.03
32. Experience in diverse cultures through a culture camp and public relations through mess media are necessary.	1.45	1.36
33. Government's institutional strategies for multiple cultures are necessary to avoid penalties.	0.50	0.40
34. We cannot understand diverse cultures and religions, and provide effective nursing if we do not receive a multicultural education.	1.12	0.20
35. Do not instill multicultural peoples' own culture into my own culture.	1.85	-0.20
36. Multicultural curriculum in globalization is essential to nursing.	1.20	-0.30
37. Multicultural education is important, but education to accurately understand our cultures are more important.	1.33	-0.10
38. We need to understand multiple cultures are different, not wrong.	2.16	-1.26
39. Education to change negative perceptions toward multiple cultures is the most burning issues.	1.13	-1.3
40. Discrimination and prejudice can be decreased by multicultural education.	1.11	0.20
41. Professional instructors for multicultural education should be cultivated.	1.36	-1.45

Bold=Z-Score above +1.0, or below -1.

Table 2

Eigenvalue, Variance, and Characteristics of Participants (N=40)

Variable	Categories	Factor I (eigenvalue: 7.86)			Factor II (eigenvalue: 3.81)
		n (%)	Mean	Range	n (%)	Mean	Range
Variance		25 (19.7)			15 (9.5)
Gender	Male	2 (8.0)			2 (13.3)
	Female	23 (92.0)			13 (86.7)
Age (year)			20.7	20~25		21.0	20~26
Religion	Yes	15 (60.0)			7 (46.7)
	No	10 (40.0)			8 (53.3)
Multicultural neighbors	Yes	5 (20.0)			3 (20.0)
	No	20 (80.0)			12 (80.0)
Multicultural families	Yes	0 (0.0)			1 (6.7)
	No	25 (100.0)			14 (93.3)

Table 3

Differences and Consensus between Factors

Q no	Differences between I & II			Q no	Consensus (I, II)
	I	II	Difference
38	2.15	-1.25	3.41	32	1.41
41	1.35	-1.44	2.80	1	1.39
39	1.13	-1.31	2.44
35	1.84	-0.21	2.06
36	1.20	-0.34	1.54
37	1.33	-0.05	1.39
28	-0.80	-1.91	1.11
2	0.66	1.68	-1.02	24	-1.57
7	-0.49	0.55	-1.05	27	-1.60
12	-1.15	-0.04	-1.11
22	-0.80	0.32	-1.13
13	-0.95	0.55	-1.51
9	-1.06	0.51	-1.57
4	0.21	1.98	-1.77
6	-0.36	1.41	-1.77
3	-0.48	1.35	-1.83
8	-2.25	-0.05	-2.19

Q no=Q statement number.

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Figure & Data

References

Citations

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