Figure 1

The procedure of the global health capacity building program.

Table 1

Characteristics of Participants (N=83)

Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	M±SD	Range
Gender	Male	7 (8.4)
	Female	76 (91.6)
Age (year)			21.1±1.82	19~29
School grade	1st year	16 (19.3)
	2nd year	37 (44.6)
	3rd year	28 (33.7)
	4th year	2 (2.4)
English speaking ability	High	20 (24.1)
	Medium	44 (53.0)
	Low	19 (22.9)
Reason of volunteering activity	Personal accomplishment	35 (41.1)
	Interpersonal networking	16 (19.3)
	Curiosity and challenge	32 (38.6)
Interest on global topics	Rarely	4 (4.8)
	Slightly	26 (31.3)
	Moderately	42 (50.6)
	Extremely	11 (13.3)
Experience of domestic volunteering activity	Yes	63 (75.9)
	No	20 (24.1)
Frequency of domestic volunteering activity	Irregular	37 (44.6)
	1 time per a month	13 (15.7)
	>4 times per a month	15 (18.1)
	No response	18 (21.6)
Experience of global volunteering activity	Yes	43 (51.8)
	No	40 (48.2)
Knowledge on ODA	Never heard	44 (53.0)
	Heard once	31 (37.4)
	Know well	8 (9.6)
Agreement on continuing of ODA of Korea for developing countries	Yes	67 (80.7)
	No	16 (19.3)
Experience of contacting with culturally different people	Yes	30 (36.1)
	No	53 (63.9)
Experience of taking a class related on other culture	Yes	40 (48.2)
	No	43 (51.8)

ODA=official development assistance.

Table 2

Comparison of Pre- and Posttest Critical Thinking Disposition and Global Leadership Ability among Participants (N=83)

Variables	Range	Pretest	Posttesst	t	p
		M±SD	M±SD
Critical thinking disposition	27~135	101.12±10.81	103.82±10.20	-4.00	<.001
Global leadership ability	18~90	67.10±7.45	69.42±7.36	-3.42	<.001
Global mind	3~15	9.13±1.78	10.21±2.03	-4.84	<.001
Open-minded attitude toward diversity	4~20	16.33±2.15	16.71±2.09	-1.34	.185
Global network	4~20	15.72±2.33	16.13±2.01	-1.78	.078
Outcome improvement skills	3~15	10.64±1.53	10.90±1.85	-1.19	.238
Basic attitude ability	4~20	15.41±2.27	15.63±2.25	-0.99	.325

Table 3

Content Analysis of Students' Reflection and Experience Presented in Daily Reflection Journals (N=83)

Domains	Themes	Sub-themes	Statements
Global health leadership	An understanding of global health	Expansion of global health	· I realized again that health issues should not be confined to a specific country but be a global concern.
			· I felt that global health care is based on faith in people and health issues are beyond nation and ethnicity.
		Understanding of cultural diversity	· My experience has made me realize that different countries should handle global health issues differently.
			· My experience has helped me understand people from diverse cultural backgrounds.
	Preparation for global leader	Global leader vision	· My experience has allowed me to pursue my dream of taking a role in improving global health.
			· My experience in the Philippines has given me an opportunity to redesign my specific career path.
		Cultivation of communication skills	· I felt that any countries dealing with global health issues need people with some proficiency in their own languages in addition to English
			· I realized that language proficiency and communication skills are essential to global health activities.
		Open mind toward people with different cultures	· My experience has given me an opportunity to build capacity to provide care without discrimination on the grounds of nation, race, religion.
			· My experience has given me an opportunity to rethink humanity and to familiarize myself with seeing things without prejudice.
Nursing care	Global nursing care	Pride and vocation	· I felt that nursing as an academic discipline has established a global presence.
			· I felt that the roles of nurses in international community are limitless.
			· I was pleased that all of us are companions and friends walking toward global health.
	Learning through hands-on training exchange	Understanding of nursing in foreign countries	· I believe that exchanging hands-on training with local students in a foreign country is the best experience for strengthening global health capacity.
			· I was impressed by how well prepared Philippine nursing students were for collecting data and providing education on a one-to-one basis while visiting communities.
		Understanding of visiting home health care	· It was fresh and interesting to me that Philippine nursing students stay long in one area from their first or second year of college and figure out local circumstances and then provide care.
			· I hope that there are brisk nursing activities like visiting nursing in Korea; I believe that visiting nursing can promote awareness in nursing among the public.
	Health education in developing countries	Need for sustainable programs in local	· Next time, I want to plan the sustainable education programs that can help local people perform programs after we leave their country.
			· It came to my mind that global health care is not a service for an underdeveloped country but a little help for self-reliance in health care tailored to the country's circumstances.
		Understanding of local needs and environments	· I learned that, when I perform health care activities in a specific area, I need to make a through preliminary investigation into that area and a sufficient consultation with a local leader.
			· I had an opportunity to think about what was the most necessary health education for this area.
			· It came to my mind that the most necessary education for the village we visited was dental services and health care education about rabies rather than health education. Next time I go to a village to provide care, I will prepare education programs with a sufficient knowledge of the village.
		Education with an emphasis of subjects	· I realized again that the delivery of education is more important than that of education.
			· I felt that I need to prepare education programs with a focus on an outline and focal points and to have an ability to improvise in unexpected situations.
Capacity development	Growth through individual reflection and group activity	A broader view and thought	· I realized that I was a big fish in a small pond.
			· I don't want to forget overwhelming emotion and passion I felt today.
			· I want to find a way to broaden view of nursing students through lectures or clubs related to global health care when I come back to Korea.
			· My thoughts and views and goals have become more mature after encountering the big world (global health)
		Rediscovery on nursing	· These experiences may help me develop more mature ways of thinking and provide more considerate care.
			· This program has made me feel the importance of nursing with a focus on subjects and consider the right attitude of a nurse.
		Promoting bonds through group collaboration	· Encountering a difficult situation while offering education, we could successfully deal with problems through cooperation among our group members.
			· Paying attention to the presentation of the other groups, I could communicate with friends who had different opinions than me, broadening my perspective of thinking.
		Growth through experience-oriented program	· One thing I liked the program was that it has helped me see subjects from diverse points of view because it consisted of theory and hands-on training.
			· A recognition and knowledge of global health care gained through this program are likely to linger on because I acquired them through direct experience rather than indirect experience through books.

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Figure & Data

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