A Study on the Health Risk Behaviors of Adolescents from Multicultural Families according to the Parents' Migration Background

Jung-Ok Yu; Myo Sung Kim

doi:10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.3.190

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Original Article
A Study on the Health Risk Behaviors of Adolescents from Multicultural Families according to the Parents' Migration Background: Jung-Ok Yu, Myo Sung Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 2015;26(3):190-198.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.3.190
Published online: September 30, 2015

¹Wolgye Elementary School, Ulsan, Korea.

²Department of Nursing, Dong Eui University, Busan, Korea.

• Received: April 30, 2015 • Revised: July 28, 2015 • Accepted: September 11, 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to compare health risk behaviors among adolescents according to whether or not the parents were born in South Korea.
Methods
From the database of the ninth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS), the researchers classify adolescents into four groups: those whose parents were both native Korean, those whose mother only was a native Korean, those whose father only was a native Korean, and those whose parents were both foreign-born. Data were analyzed using χ²-test and multiple logistic regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program.
Results
The adolescents with a foreign-born mother were less likely to smoke and drink alcohol than those with native Korean parents, but for other health risk behaviors the two groups were similar to each other. The adolescents with a foreign-born father were at a greater risk of drug use, intercourse, depression and violence at school than those with native Korean parents. The adolescents whose parents were born abroad were at a greater risk of smoking, drug use, intercourse, depression, suicidal ideation and violence at school than those with native Korean parents.
Conclusion
Health promotion approaches differentiated by the type of multi-cultural family are needed in order to improve multi-cultural adolescents' health.
Key Words: Health behavior; Adolescent; Immigrants; Cultural diversity

Table 1

Characteristics of Sociodemographic by Parent's Country Origin among Adolescents (N=72,435)

Variables	Categories	A group	B group	C group	D group	x²	p
Variables	Categories	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	x²	p
Group sum		94 (100.0)	88 (100.0)	622 (100.0)	71,631 (100.0)
Region	Metropolitan	33 (43.2)	44 (51.3)	160 (29.0)	32,303 (44.1)	139.67	<.001
	Medium & small city	53 (50.8)	37 (45.3)	270 (51.5)	30,677 (49.1)
	Rural	8 (6.0)	7 (3.4)	192 (19.5)	8,651 (6.8)
School type	Middle school	38 (49.4)	39 (41.6)	393 (62.7)	36,060 (48.7)	75.96	<.001
	General high school	21 (28.9)	35 (41.4)	156 (26.6)	28,908 (42.6)
	Vocational high school	35 (21.7)	14 (17.0)	73 (10.7)	6,663 (8.7)
Gender	Male	49 (53.5)	48 (55.7)	306 (50.7)	36,252 (52.3)	0.92	0.876
Gender	Female	45 (46.5)	40 (44.3)	316 (49.3)	35,379 (47.7)	0.92	0.876
Self-reported school achievement	High	27 (33.9)	31 (33.7)	167 (24.8)	24,770 (34.7)	44.85	<.001
	Medium	22 (21.1)	8 (10.1)	172 (28.5)	19,946 (28.1)
	Low	45 (45.0)	49 (56.2)	283 (46.7)	26,915 (37.2)
Household economic status	Upper	28 (37.7)	25 (29.9)	109 (18.8)	22,585 (32.4)	102.35	<.001
	Medium	27 (29.1)	28 (32.4)	300 (47.2)	34,139 (47.4)
	Lower	39 (33.2)	35 (37.7)	213 (34.0)	14,907 (20.2)
Living with parents	None	14 (12.7)	12 (17.3)	12 (1.7)	2,374 (2.8)	140.78	<.001
	One	18 (16.7)	34 (36.9)	93 (14.7)	10,181 (13.7)
	Both	62 (70.6)	42 (45.8)	517 (83.6)	59,076 (83.5)
Father's education (year)	≤9	14 (13.9)	19 (22.0)	120 (18.2)	2,598 (3.4)	546.30	<.001
	10~13	24 (23.0)	19 (20.7)	231 (40.4)	23,661 (33.2)
	≥14	22 (25.1)	37 (43.6)	90 (17.6)	31,213 (48.1)
	Unknown	34 (38.0)	13 (13.6)	139 (23.8)	10,938 (15.3)
Mother's education (year)	≤9	18 (21.4)	7 (15.1)	54 (7.5)	2,491 (3.2)	214.61	<.001
	10~13	28 (21.7)	18 (29.2)	203 (32.7)	29,881 (43.0)
	≥14	24 (30.0)	27 (45.7)	192 (31.9)	25,532 (38.9)
	Unknown	24 (26.9)	8 (10.0)	173 (27.9)	10,646 (14.9)

n (%)=n: unweighted; %: weighted; A group=adolescents whose parents were born abroad; B group=adolescents whose only mother was native Korean; C group=adolescents whose only father was native Korea; D group=adolescents whose parents were native Korean.

Table 2

Characteristics of Health Behavior Factors by Parent's Country Origin among Adolescents (N=72,435)

Variables	Categories	A group	B group	C group	D group	x²	p
Variables	Categories	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	x²	p
Group sum		94 (100.0)	88 (100.0)	622 (100.0)	71,631 (100.0)
Smoking	Yes	45 (46.6)	34 (39.1)	107 (17.6)	15,409 (21.4)	48.25	<.001
Smoking	No	49 (53.4)	54 (60.9)	515 (82.4)	56,222 (78.6)	48.25	<.001
Alcohol use	Yes	53 (51.1)	43 (54.1)	210 (33.6)	31,507 (43.5)	24.63	<.001
Alcohol use	No	41 (48.9)	45 (45.9)	412 (66.4)	40,124 (56.5)	24.63	<.001
Drug use	Yes	15 (19.6)	16 (24.2)	9 (1.8)	696 (1.0)	715.17	<.001
Drug use	No	79 (80.4)	72 (75.8)	613 (98.2)	70,935 (99.0)	715.17	<.001
Sexual activity	Yes	42 (48.3)	29 (39.2)	28 (4.9)	3,768 (5.3)	467.01	<.001
Sexual activity	No	52 (51.7)	59 (60.8)	594 (95.1)	67,863 (94.7)	467.01	<.001
Depression	Yes	45 (49.4)	46 (57.1)	186 (32.4)	22,153 (30.8)	39.59	<.001
Depression	No	49 (50.6)	42 (42.9)	436 (67.6)	49,478 (69.2)	39.59	<.001
Suicidal ideation	Yes	29 (34.5)	20 (25.0)	110 (18.9)	11,911 (16.5)	24.05	<.001
Suicidal ideation	No	65 (65.5)	68 (75.0)	512 (81.1)	59,720 (83.5)	24.05	<.001
Violence at school	Yes	26 (32.5)	22 (28.4)	20 (3.5)	2,372 (3.3)	363.44	<.001
Violence at school	No	68 (67.5)	66 (71.6)	602 (96.5)	69,259 (96.7)	363.44	<.001
Internet overuse	Yes	16 (18.6)	9 (8.2)	100 (16.2)	8,043 (11.3)	15.71	.002
Internet overuse	No	78 (81.4)	79 (91.8)	522 (83.8)	63,588 (88.7)	15.71	.002

Table 3

Health Risk Behavior by Parent's Country Origin (N=72,435)

Variables	A group		B group		C group		D group
Variables	aOR^† (CI)	p	aOR^† (CI)	p	aOR^† (CI)	p
Smoking	2.84 (1.54~5.23)	.001	1.24 (0.59~2.59)	.557	0.70 (0.53~0.91)	.010	1
Alcohol use	1.24 (0.70~2.18)	.448	1.15 (0.61~2.16)	.652	0.64 (0.51~0.80)	<.001	1
Drug use	23.95 (11.25~50.98)	<.001	15.24 (6.56~35.39)	<.001	1.86 (0.85~4.06)	.118	1
Sexual activity	14.86 (8.67~25.48)	<.001	5.01 (2.53~9.93)	<.001	1.01 (0.63~1.60)	.972	1
Depression	2.10 (1.28~3.44)	.003	3.44 (1.93~6.14)	<.001	1.01 (0.79~1.28)	.954	1
Suicidal ideation	2.43 (1.39~4.24)	.002	0.97 (0.46~2.03)	.938	1.07 (0.83~1.38)	.558	1
Violence at school	13.24 (7.35~23.86)	<.001	6.93 (3.24~14.81)	<.001	1.01 (0.56~1.81)	.976	1
Internet overuse	1.36 (0.70~2.64)	.360	0.60 (0.23~1.54)	.292	1.26 (0.95~1.67)	.097	1

A group=adolescents whose parents were born abroad; B group=adolescents whose only mother was native Korean; C group=adolescents whose only father was native Korea; D group=adolescents whose parents were native Korean; ^†Score is Logistic Regression Model with region, school type, self-reported school achievement, household economic status, living with parents, parent's education level as covariates

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A Study on the Health Risk Behaviors of Adolescents from Multicultural Families according to the Parents' Migration Background

Variables	Categories	A group	B group	C group	D group	x²	p
Variables	Categories	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	x²	p
Group sum		94 (100.0)	88 (100.0)	622 (100.0)	71,631 (100.0)
Region	Metropolitan	33 (43.2)	44 (51.3)	160 (29.0)	32,303 (44.1)	139.67	<.001
	Medium & small city	53 (50.8)	37 (45.3)	270 (51.5)	30,677 (49.1)
	Rural	8 (6.0)	7 (3.4)	192 (19.5)	8,651 (6.8)
School type	Middle school	38 (49.4)	39 (41.6)	393 (62.7)	36,060 (48.7)	75.96	<.001
	General high school	21 (28.9)	35 (41.4)	156 (26.6)	28,908 (42.6)
	Vocational high school	35 (21.7)	14 (17.0)	73 (10.7)	6,663 (8.7)
Gender	Male	49 (53.5)	48 (55.7)	306 (50.7)	36,252 (52.3)	0.92	0.876
Gender	Female	45 (46.5)	40 (44.3)	316 (49.3)	35,379 (47.7)	0.92	0.876
Self-reported school achievement	High	27 (33.9)	31 (33.7)	167 (24.8)	24,770 (34.7)	44.85	<.001
	Medium	22 (21.1)	8 (10.1)	172 (28.5)	19,946 (28.1)
	Low	45 (45.0)	49 (56.2)	283 (46.7)	26,915 (37.2)
Household economic status	Upper	28 (37.7)	25 (29.9)	109 (18.8)	22,585 (32.4)	102.35	<.001
	Medium	27 (29.1)	28 (32.4)	300 (47.2)	34,139 (47.4)
	Lower	39 (33.2)	35 (37.7)	213 (34.0)	14,907 (20.2)
Living with parents	None	14 (12.7)	12 (17.3)	12 (1.7)	2,374 (2.8)	140.78	<.001
	One	18 (16.7)	34 (36.9)	93 (14.7)	10,181 (13.7)
	Both	62 (70.6)	42 (45.8)	517 (83.6)	59,076 (83.5)
Father's education (year)	≤9	14 (13.9)	19 (22.0)	120 (18.2)	2,598 (3.4)	546.30	<.001
	10~13	24 (23.0)	19 (20.7)	231 (40.4)	23,661 (33.2)
	≥14	22 (25.1)	37 (43.6)	90 (17.6)	31,213 (48.1)
	Unknown	34 (38.0)	13 (13.6)	139 (23.8)	10,938 (15.3)
Mother's education (year)	≤9	18 (21.4)	7 (15.1)	54 (7.5)	2,491 (3.2)	214.61	<.001
	10~13	28 (21.7)	18 (29.2)	203 (32.7)	29,881 (43.0)
	≥14	24 (30.0)	27 (45.7)	192 (31.9)	25,532 (38.9)
	Unknown	24 (26.9)	8 (10.0)	173 (27.9)	10,646 (14.9)

Variables	Categories	A group	B group	C group	D group	x²	p
Variables	Categories	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	x²	p
Group sum		94 (100.0)	88 (100.0)	622 (100.0)	71,631 (100.0)
Smoking	Yes	45 (46.6)	34 (39.1)	107 (17.6)	15,409 (21.4)	48.25	<.001
Smoking	No	49 (53.4)	54 (60.9)	515 (82.4)	56,222 (78.6)	48.25	<.001
Alcohol use	Yes	53 (51.1)	43 (54.1)	210 (33.6)	31,507 (43.5)	24.63	<.001
Alcohol use	No	41 (48.9)	45 (45.9)	412 (66.4)	40,124 (56.5)	24.63	<.001
Drug use	Yes	15 (19.6)	16 (24.2)	9 (1.8)	696 (1.0)	715.17	<.001
Drug use	No	79 (80.4)	72 (75.8)	613 (98.2)	70,935 (99.0)	715.17	<.001
Sexual activity	Yes	42 (48.3)	29 (39.2)	28 (4.9)	3,768 (5.3)	467.01	<.001
Sexual activity	No	52 (51.7)	59 (60.8)	594 (95.1)	67,863 (94.7)	467.01	<.001
Depression	Yes	45 (49.4)	46 (57.1)	186 (32.4)	22,153 (30.8)	39.59	<.001
Depression	No	49 (50.6)	42 (42.9)	436 (67.6)	49,478 (69.2)	39.59	<.001
Suicidal ideation	Yes	29 (34.5)	20 (25.0)	110 (18.9)	11,911 (16.5)	24.05	<.001
Suicidal ideation	No	65 (65.5)	68 (75.0)	512 (81.1)	59,720 (83.5)	24.05	<.001
Violence at school	Yes	26 (32.5)	22 (28.4)	20 (3.5)	2,372 (3.3)	363.44	<.001
Violence at school	No	68 (67.5)	66 (71.6)	602 (96.5)	69,259 (96.7)	363.44	<.001
Internet overuse	Yes	16 (18.6)	9 (8.2)	100 (16.2)	8,043 (11.3)	15.71	.002
Internet overuse	No	78 (81.4)	79 (91.8)	522 (83.8)	63,588 (88.7)	15.71	.002

Variables	A group		B group		C group		D group
Variables	aOR^† (CI)	p	aOR^† (CI)	p	aOR^† (CI)	p
Smoking	2.84 (1.54~5.23)	.001	1.24 (0.59~2.59)	.557	0.70 (0.53~0.91)	.010	1
Alcohol use	1.24 (0.70~2.18)	.448	1.15 (0.61~2.16)	.652	0.64 (0.51~0.80)	<.001	1
Drug use	23.95 (11.25~50.98)	<.001	15.24 (6.56~35.39)	<.001	1.86 (0.85~4.06)	.118	1
Sexual activity	14.86 (8.67~25.48)	<.001	5.01 (2.53~9.93)	<.001	1.01 (0.63~1.60)	.972	1
Depression	2.10 (1.28~3.44)	.003	3.44 (1.93~6.14)	<.001	1.01 (0.79~1.28)	.954	1
Suicidal ideation	2.43 (1.39~4.24)	.002	0.97 (0.46~2.03)	.938	1.07 (0.83~1.38)	.558	1
Violence at school	13.24 (7.35~23.86)	<.001	6.93 (3.24~14.81)	<.001	1.01 (0.56~1.81)	.976	1
Internet overuse	1.36 (0.70~2.64)	.360	0.60 (0.23~1.54)	.292	1.26 (0.95~1.67)	.097	1

Table 1 Characteristics of Sociodemographic by Parent's Country Origin among Adolescents (N=72,435)

Table 2 Characteristics of Health Behavior Factors by Parent's Country Origin among Adolescents (N=72,435)

Table 3 Health Risk Behavior by Parent's Country Origin (N=72,435)