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HOME > J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs > Volume 26(2); 2015 > Article
Original Article
The Quality of Life in COPD Patients according to Gender: Based on the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Kyung Sook Kang, Soon Ok Na, Young Beob Yu, Jun Ho Shin
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 2015;26(2):61-68.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.2.61
Published online: June 30, 2015

1Department of Nursing Science, Nambu University, Gwangju, Korea.

2Nursing Service, Chunnam National University Hopsital, Gwangju, Korea.

3Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Development, Nambu University, Gwangju, Korea.

4Department of Preventive Medicine, Chunnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.

• Received: October 15, 2014   • Revised: January 20, 2015   • Accepted: February 10, 2015

© 2015 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Purpose
    In this study, we performed a comparative analysis on the quality of life (QoL) in male and female chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients based on the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV) from 2007 to 2010.
  • Methods
    We extracted the socio-demographic and clinical data of 1,218 COPD patients including 874 men and 344 women from the KNHANES IV database. Descriptive statistics and correlation test were used to analyze the data. In order to find factors associated with QoL of COPD patients, we conducted multivariate linear regression analysis.
  • Results
    Infrequency analysis, the educational level and income were lower in the female COPD patients than in the male ones. The QoL indexes including mobility, self-care, activities of daily living, discomfort, anxiety, and depression were significantly worse in the female of COPD patients than in the male ones (p<.01).
  • Conclusion
    Our study indicates that QoL of female COPD patients should be improved on the educational, economic, and healthcare aspects.
  • Key Words: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Quality of life; Gender
Table 1

Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Population (N=1,218)

Characteristics Categories Men (n=874) Women (n=344) p
n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD
Gender 874 (71.6) 344 (28.4)
Age (year) 64.3±9.52 65.3±10.53 .17
Educational level ≤Middle school 552 (63.2) 294 (85.5) <.01
≥High school 322 (36.8) 50 (14.5)
Spouse With 782 (89.5) 193 (56.1) <.01
Without 92 (10.5) 151 (43.9)
Income status Highest 334 (38.2) 98 (28.5) <.01
Lowest 540 (61.8) 246 (71.5)
Area of residence Urban 550 (62.9) 210 (61.0) .54
Rural 324 (37.1) 134 (39.0)
Height 166.6±6.21 152.4±6.62 <.01
Weight 64.9±9.47 54.8±9.02 <.01
BMI 23.3±2.72 23.6±3.31 .29
Smoking None-smoking (5 pack or less) 102 (11.7) 274 (79.7) <.01
Smoking (5 pack or more) 772 (88.3) 70 (20.3)
FVC (%) 88.9±14.37 90.5±16.01 .09
FEV1P (%) 76.8±16.61 76.7±16.64 .94
EQ-5D index 0.9±0.13 0.8±0.17 <.01
Table 2

Correlation of EQ-5D Index and Clinical Characteristics in Men and Women with COPD

Variables Categories EQ-5D index BMI FEV1 P Age Height Weight
Men EQ-5D index 1 .134* .123** -.247** .156** .179*
BMI 1 .088** -.178** .148** .861**
FEV1 P 1 .049 -.026 .054
Age 1 .390** -.340**
Height 1 .627**
Weight 1
Women EQ-5D index 1 -.079 -.076 -.371** .205** .040
BMI 1 .026 .014 .002 .848**
FEV1 P 1 .215** -.087 -.018
Age 1 -.470** -.231**
Height 1 .527**
Weight 1

*p<.05, **p<.01.

Table 3

The Differences of EQ-5D Subgroups

EQ-5D Index Men Women t p
Mobility 1.2±0.44 1.5±0.55 -8.67 <.001
Self care 1.1±0.24 1.1±0.33 -4.08 <.001
Usual activities 1.2±0.43 1.4±0.54 -6.01 <.001
Discomfort 1.3±0.56 1.6±0.65 -7.76 <.001
Anxiety/depression 1.1±0.34 1.3±0.56 -8.51 <.001
Table 4

Association Factors on Quality of Life in Men with COPD (N=874)

Variables Non standardized regression coefficient Standardized β t p
β SE
(Constant) .83 .15 5.44 <.001
Age -.00 .00 -.16 -4.49 <.001
Educational level .02 .01 .09 2.64 .009
Income status .02 .01 .10 2.93 .003
FEV1 P .00 .00 .12 3.71 <.001
Smoking .01 .01 .02 0.90 .369
Height .00 .00 .00 0.02 .986
Weight .00 .00 .06 1.61 .109
R2=.109
Table 5

Association Factors on Quality of Life in Women with COPD (N=344)

Variables Non standardized regression coefficient Standardized β t p
β SE
(Constant) .95 .27 3.51 .001
Age -.00 .00 -.31 -4.90 <.001
Educational level .03 .03 .06 1.11 .269
Income status .00 .02 .01 0.32 .746
FEV1 P -.00 .00 -.00 -0.07 .947
Smoking -.02 .02 -.05 -1.10 .271
Height .00 .00 .07 1.12 .263
Weight -.00 .00 -.09 -1.57 .118
R2=.152

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    The Quality of Life in COPD Patients according to Gender: Based on the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    The Quality of Life in COPD Patients according to Gender: Based on the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Characteristics Categories Men (n=874) Women (n=344) p
    n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD
    Gender 874 (71.6) 344 (28.4)
    Age (year) 64.3±9.52 65.3±10.53 .17
    Educational level ≤Middle school 552 (63.2) 294 (85.5) <.01
    ≥High school 322 (36.8) 50 (14.5)
    Spouse With 782 (89.5) 193 (56.1) <.01
    Without 92 (10.5) 151 (43.9)
    Income status Highest 334 (38.2) 98 (28.5) <.01
    Lowest 540 (61.8) 246 (71.5)
    Area of residence Urban 550 (62.9) 210 (61.0) .54
    Rural 324 (37.1) 134 (39.0)
    Height 166.6±6.21 152.4±6.62 <.01
    Weight 64.9±9.47 54.8±9.02 <.01
    BMI 23.3±2.72 23.6±3.31 .29
    Smoking None-smoking (5 pack or less) 102 (11.7) 274 (79.7) <.01
    Smoking (5 pack or more) 772 (88.3) 70 (20.3)
    FVC (%) 88.9±14.37 90.5±16.01 .09
    FEV1P (%) 76.8±16.61 76.7±16.64 .94
    EQ-5D index 0.9±0.13 0.8±0.17 <.01
    Variables Categories EQ-5D index BMI FEV1 P Age Height Weight
    Men EQ-5D index 1 .134* .123** -.247** .156** .179*
    BMI 1 .088** -.178** .148** .861**
    FEV1 P 1 .049 -.026 .054
    Age 1 .390** -.340**
    Height 1 .627**
    Weight 1
    Women EQ-5D index 1 -.079 -.076 -.371** .205** .040
    BMI 1 .026 .014 .002 .848**
    FEV1 P 1 .215** -.087 -.018
    Age 1 -.470** -.231**
    Height 1 .527**
    Weight 1
    EQ-5D Index Men Women t p
    Mobility 1.2±0.44 1.5±0.55 -8.67 <.001
    Self care 1.1±0.24 1.1±0.33 -4.08 <.001
    Usual activities 1.2±0.43 1.4±0.54 -6.01 <.001
    Discomfort 1.3±0.56 1.6±0.65 -7.76 <.001
    Anxiety/depression 1.1±0.34 1.3±0.56 -8.51 <.001
    Variables Non standardized regression coefficient Standardized β t p
    β SE
    (Constant) .83 .15 5.44 <.001
    Age -.00 .00 -.16 -4.49 <.001
    Educational level .02 .01 .09 2.64 .009
    Income status .02 .01 .10 2.93 .003
    FEV1 P .00 .00 .12 3.71 <.001
    Smoking .01 .01 .02 0.90 .369
    Height .00 .00 .00 0.02 .986
    Weight .00 .00 .06 1.61 .109
    R2=.109
    Variables Non standardized regression coefficient Standardized β t p
    β SE
    (Constant) .95 .27 3.51 .001
    Age -.00 .00 -.31 -4.90 <.001
    Educational level .03 .03 .06 1.11 .269
    Income status .00 .02 .01 0.32 .746
    FEV1 P -.00 .00 -.00 -0.07 .947
    Smoking -.02 .02 -.05 -1.10 .271
    Height .00 .00 .07 1.12 .263
    Weight -.00 .00 -.09 -1.57 .118
    R2=.152
    Table 1 Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Study Population (N=1,218)

    Table 2 Correlation of EQ-5D Index and Clinical Characteristics in Men and Women with COPD

    *p<.05, **p<.01.

    Table 3 The Differences of EQ-5D Subgroups

    Table 4 Association Factors on Quality of Life in Men with COPD (N=874)

    Table 5 Association Factors on Quality of Life in Women with COPD (N=344)

    Table 1

    Table 2

    Table 3

    Table 4

    Table 5

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