College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
© 2015 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing
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Variables | Categories | Total (n=864) | Exercise practice | Exercise intensity | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
χ2 (p) | Non-exercise (n=190) | Exercise (n=674) | Walka (n=365) | Moderate exerciseb (n=145) | Vigorous exercisec (n=164) | χ2 or F (p) | |||
n (%) or M±SD | n (%) or M±SD | n (%) or M±SD | n (%) or M±SD | n (%) or M±SD | |||||
Gender | Male | 423 (49.0) | 0.68 (.409) | 88 (46.3) | 335 (49.7) | 138 (37.8) | 83 (57.2) | 114 (69.5) | 49.69 (<.001) |
Female | 441 (51.0) | 102 (53.7) | 339 (50.3) | 227 (62.2) | 62 (42.8) | 50 (30.5) | |||
Age (year) | 20~39 | 15 (1.7) | 20.84 (<.001) | 1 (0.5) | 14 (2.1) | 7 (1.9) | 1 (0.7) | 6 (3.7) | 31.56 (<.001) |
40~59 | 242 (28.0) | 37 (19.5) | 205 (30.4) | 85 (23.3) | 47 (32.4) | 73 (44.5) | |||
60~79 | 569 (65.9) | 135 (71.1) | 434 (64.4) | 258 (70.7) | 92 (63.4) | 84 (51.2) | |||
≥80 | 38 (4.4) | 17 (8.9) | 21 (3.1) | 15 (4.1) | 5 (3.4) | 1 (0.6) | |||
Average | 4.75 (<.001) | 68.9±10.41 | 64.9±10.37 | 66.7±10.34 | 64.9±9.23 | 60.9±10.31 | 18.67 (<.001) a>b, c† | ||
Partner | Yes | 679 (78.6) | 5.13 (.023) | 138 (72.6) | 541 (80.3) | 271 (74.2) | 123 (84.8) | 147 (89.6) | 19.34 (<.001) |
No | 185 (21.4) | 52 (27.4) | 133 (19.7) | 94 (25.8) | 22 (15.2) | 17 (10.4) | |||
Education | Non | 75 (8.7) | 9.84 (.020) | 25 (13.2) | 50 (7.4) | 34 (9.3) | 7 (4.8) | 9 (5.5) | 30.15 (<.001) |
High school | 676 (78.2) | 149 (78.4) | 527 (78.2) | 299 (81.9) | 115 (79.3) | 113 (68.9) | |||
University | 94 (10.9) | 14 (7.4) | 80 (11.9) | 27 (7.4) | 20 (13.8) | 33 (20.1) | |||
Postgraduate | 19 (2.2) | 2 (1.1) | 17 (2.5) | 5 (1.4) | 3 (2.1) | 9 (5.5) | |||
Job | Yes | 409 (47.3) | 3.24 (.072) | 79 (41.6) | 330 (49.0) | 141 (38.6) | 81 (55.9) | 108 (65.9) | 37.08 (<.001) |
No | 455 (52.7) | 111 (58.4) | 344 (51.0) | 224 (61.4) | 64 (44.1) | 56 (34.1) | |||
Total income (10,000 won) | Average | -2.50 (.013) | 2,673.8±2,743.26 | 3,218.3±2,624.89 | 2,790.2±2,385.61 | 3,542.4±2,762.36 | 3,884.5±2,836.79 | 11.59 (<.001) a<b, c† | |
Number of chronic disease | 1.87 (.061) | 5.0±2.55 | 4.6±2.61 | 5.0±2.77 | 4.4±2.44 | 3.8±2.16 | 12.24 (<.001) a>c† |
Variables | Categories | Total (n=864) | Exercise practice | Exercise intensity | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
χ2 or F (p) | Non-exercise (n=190) | Exercise (n=674) | Walk (n=365) | Moderate exercise (n=145) | Vigorous exercise (n=164) | χ2 or F (p) | |||
n (%) or M±SD | n (%) or M±SD | n (%) or M±SD | n (%) or M±SD | n (%) or M±SD | |||||
Medication compliance | Compliance | 747 (86.5) | 7.32 (.007) | 153 (80.5) | 594 (88.1) | 324 (88.8) | 129 (89.0) | 141 (86.0) | 0.99 (.617) |
Noncompliance | 117 (13.5) | 37 (19.5) | 80 (11.9) | 41 (11.2) | 16 (11.0) | 23 (14.0) | |||
Smoking | Smoker | 161 (18.6) | 6.64 (.036) | 47 (24.7) | 114 (16.9) | 50 (13.7) | 29 (20.0) | 35 (21.3) | 25.07 (<.001) |
Nonsmoker | 222 (25.7) | 41 (21.6) | 181 (26.9) | 81 (22.2) | 39 (26.9) | 61 (37.2) | |||
Lifelong nonsmoker | 481 (55.7) | 102 (53.7) | 379 (56.2) | 234 (64.1) | 77 (53.1) | 68 (41.5) | |||
Drinking | Drinker | 478 (55.3) | 19.97 (<.001) | 82 (43.2) | 396 (58.8) | 186 (51.0) | 92 (63.4) | 118 (72.0) | 30.25 (<.001) |
Nondrinker | 109 (12.6) | 39 (20.5) | 70 (10.4) | 35 (9.6) | 17 (11.7) | 18 (11.0) | |||
Lifelong nonsmoker | 277 (32.1) | 69 (36.3) | 208 (30.9) | 144 (39.5) | 36 (24.8) | 28 (17.1) | |||
Diet | Regular | 763 (88.3) | 6.26 (.012) | 158 (83.2) | 605 (89.8) | 331 (90.7) | 132 (91.0) | 142 (86.6) | 2.39 (.302) |
Irregular | 101 (11.7) | 32 (16.8) | 69 (10.2) | 34 (9.3) | 13 (9.0) | 22 (13.4) | |||
BMI | Underweight | 17 (2.0) | 7.87 (.096) | 4 (2.2) | 13 (2.0) | 10 (2.8) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (1.3) | 10.70 (.219) |
Normal | 274 (32.7) | 70 (37.8) | 204 (31.2) | 123 (34.8) | 34 (23.9) | 47 (29.6) | |||
Overweight | 258 (30.8) | 42 (22.7) | 216 (33.0) | 106 (30.0) | 55 (38.7) | 55 (34.6) | |||
Obesity | 258 (30.8) | 60 (32.4) | 198 (30.3) | 104 (29.5) | 46 (32.4) | 48 (30.2) | |||
Extremely-obese | 32 (3.8) | 9 (4.9) | 23 (3.5) | 10 (2.8) | 6 (4.2) | 7 (4.4) | |||
Average | -0.85 (.391) | 23.9±3.20 | 24.1±2.98 | 23.9±2.94 | 24.4±3.09 | 24.3±2.95 | 1.67 (.188) |
Variables | Categories | Total (n=864) | Exercise practice | Exercise intensity | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
χ2 (p) | Non-exercise (n=190) | Exercise (n=674) | Walk (n=365) | Moderate exercise (n=145) | Vigorous exercise (n=164) | χ2 (p) | |||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||||
ER | Yes | 105 (12.2) | 0.96 (.326) | 27 (14.2) | 78 (11.6) | 50 (13.7) | 16 (11.0) | 12 (7.3) | 4.55 (.103) |
No | 759 (87.8) | 173 (85.8) | 596 (88.4) | 315 (86.3) | 129 (89.0) | 152 (92.7) | |||
In-patient | Yes | 175 (20.3) | 12.74 (<.001) | 58 (30.5) | 125 (18.5) | 77 (21.0) | 23 (15.9) | 25 (15.2) | 4.65 (.325) |
No | 681 (78.8) | 132 (69.5) | 549 (81.5) | 288 (78.9) | 122 (84.1) | 139 (84.8) |
Between non-exer group and exer group | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | t-test | ANCOVA† | ||||||||
Non-exercise (n=190) | Exercise (n=674) | t | p | Non-exercise (n=190) | Exercise (n=674) | F | p | |||
M±SD | M±SD | M±SD | M±SD | |||||||
ER (n=19, 57) | 1.0±0.17 | 1.0±0.23 | -0.23 | .817 | 1.0±0.05 | 1.0±0.03 | 0.11 | .739 | ||
Inpatient (n=41, 96) | 15.5±13.18 | 10.9±18.72 | 1.42 | .157 | 15.9±2.80 | 10.7±1.80 | 2.31 | .130 | ||
Outpatient (n=190, 674) | 29.3±29.88 | 22.4±21.67 | 3.01 | .003 | 27.3±1.61 | 22.9±0.85 | 5.74 | .017 |
3 groups by exercise intensity | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | ANOVA | ANCOVA† | ||||||||
Walk (n=365) | Moderate exercise (n=145) | Vigorous exercise (n=164) | F | p | Walk (n=365) | Moderate exercise (n=145) | Vigorous exercise (n=164) | F | p | |
M±SD | M±SD | M±SD | M±SD | M±SD | M±SD | |||||
ER (n=39, 10, 8) | 1.0±0.27 | 1.0±0.00 | 1.0±0.00 | 0.71 | .496 | 1.0±0.04 | 1.0±0.08 | 0.9±0.08 | 0.83 | .440 |
Inpatient (n=59, 16, 21) | 10.7±14.99 | 7.6±9.50 | 13.9±30.45 | 0.50 | .604 | 10.7±2.53 | 7.8±4.77 | 13.8±4.45 | 0.42 | .657 |
Outpatient (n=365, 145, 164) | 23.1±21.95 | 24.4±23.08 | 18.9±19.37 | 2.97 | .052 | 21.4±1.07 | 25.0±1.68 | 22.1±1.61 | 1.61 | .200 |
Between non-exer group and exer group | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Categories | t-test | ANCOVA† | |||||||
Non-exercise (n=190) | Exercise (n=674) | t | p | Non-exercise (n=190) | Exercise (n=674) | F | p | |||
M±SD | M±SD | M±SD | M±SD | |||||||
Medication (monthly) | 31,234.7±24,174.73 | 28,730.7±31,510.78 | 0.88 | .378 | 29,708.5±2,364.65 | 29,162.5±1,245.91 | 0.88 | .839 | ||
ER | Personnel expenses | 73,091.9±95,705.60 | 49,934.1±6,5091.57 | 0.98 | .336 | 72,857.8±17,542.71 | 50,012.2±9,992.36 | 1.25 | .266 | |
Total (personnel+insurers) expenses | 284,182.4±326,872.18 | 148,774.0±101,452.52 | 1.15 | .284 | 298,588.9±65,273.90 | 144,341.2±35,727.99 | 4.22 | .049 | ||
Inpatient | Personnel expenses | 917,964.6±900,511.30 | 878,255.4±1,279,444.42 | 0.18 | .857 | 927,343.7±191,242.22 | 874,249.8±122,897.76 | 0.05 | .819 | |
Total (personnel+insurers) expenses | 2,609,640.2±2,185,425.87 | 2,510,475.7±2,862,952.12 | 0.17 | .862 | 2,633,079.0±487,960.23 | 2,500,058.4±320,508.44 | 0.05 | .823 | ||
Outpatient | Personnel expenses | 11,895.9±17,649.35 | 16,421.6±26,860.69 | -2.74 | .006 | 12,795.6±1,828.37 | 16,166.8±965.90 | 2.63 | .105 | |
Total (personnel+insurers) expenses | 24,403.3±31,829.01 | 25,483.4±30,233.42 | -0.41 | .680 | 25,116.6±2,319.27 | 25,273.0±1,250.90 | 0.00 | .953 | ||
Individual total expenses1 | 1,393,766.7±1,757,129.41 | 1,073,657.3±1,311,799.94 | 2.33 | .020 | 1,354,487.5±102,356.62 | 1,084,730.1±53,941.43 | 5.38 | .021 | ||
Individual total expenses2 | 1,503,210.2±,1924,504.47 | 1,096,801.4±1,324,625.10 | 2.73 | .007 | 1,456,657.0±106,251.84 | 1,109,924.7±55,994.19 | 8.25 | .004 |
3 groups by exercise intensity | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | ANOVA | ANCOVA† | ||||||||
Walk (n=365) | Moderate exercise (n=145) | Vigorous exercise (n=164) | F | p | Walk (n=365) | Moderate exercise (n=145) | Vigorous exercise (n=164) | F | p | |
M±SD | M±SD | M±SD | M±SD | M±SD | M±SD | |||||
Individual total expenses1 | 1,093,994.6±1,255,401.97 | 1,090,986.2±1,531,817.26 | 1,013,073.2±1,227,865.47 | 0.23 | .794 | 1,057,798.6±68,489.08 | 1,104,338.8±107,395.80 | 1,081,825.6±103,161.57 | 0.07 | .933 |
Individual total expenses2 | 1,123,689.7±1,274,848.70 | 1,113,413.8±1,537,682.34 | 1,022,270.5±1,232,439.57 | 0.34 | .709 | 1,085,623.4±69,127.65 | 1,128,073.5±108,397.13 | 1,094,030.1±104,123.43 | 0.05 | .947 |
†Scheffé test.
†Age, the number of chronic disease and total income-adjusted means±standard error.
†Age, The number of Chronic disease and Total income-adjusted means±standard error.