1청주주찬미방문간호센터 센터장
2충북대학교 간호학과 교수
1Director, Cheongju Joo Chan Mi Visiting Nursing Center, Cheongju, Korea
2Professor, Department of Nursing Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
Copyright © 2023 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Conflict of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Funding
None.
Author contribution
Kim, Je Hyun contributed to the conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, methodology, visualization, writing-original draft, writing - review & editing, investigation, and validation. Park, Seungmi contributed to the conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, methodology, writing - review & editing, supervision, and validation.
Data availability
Please contact the corresponding author for data availability.
Characteristics | Categories | n | (%) | Health(related quality of life |
t / F | p | Tamhane | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean±SD | ||||||||
Gender | Male | 92 | (37.4) | 0.56±0.26 | 1.55 | .122 | ||
Female | 154 | (62.6) | 0.50±0.31 | |||||
Age (year)† | 60~69 | 11 | (4.5) | 0.51±0.37 | 1.86 | .136 | ||
70~79 | 70 | (28.5) | 0.57±0.28 | |||||
80~89 | 124 | (50.4) | 0.53±0.28 | |||||
≥90 | 41 | (16.7) | 0.43±0.33 | |||||
Living arrangement | Alone | 84 | (34.1) | 0.59±0.23 | 2.90 | .004 | ||
With family | 162 | (65.9) | 0.49±0.32 | |||||
Education level | Elementary school | 136 | (55.3) | 0.49±0.31 | 1.94 | .147 | ||
Middle school | 71 | (28.9) | 0.57±0.24 | |||||
≥High school | 39 | (15.8) | 0.56±0.30 | |||||
Religion | Have | 121 | (49.2) | 0.54±0.30 | 0.68 | .499 | ||
None | 125 | (50.8) | 0.51±0.29 | |||||
Number of chronic diseases | 1~3 | 118 | (47.9) | 0.55±0.29 | 1.08 | .342 | ||
4 | 88 | (35.8) | 0.50±0.29 | |||||
≥5 | 40 | (16.3) | 0.50±0.30 | |||||
Years of long-term care in(home service | <1 | 38 | (15.4) | 0.54±0.31 | 0.90 | .443 | ||
1~<3 | 114 | (46.3) | 0.53±0.30 | |||||
3~<5 | 67 | (27.2) | 0.54±0.28 | |||||
≥5 | 27 | (11.0) | 0.44±0.29 | |||||
Number of in-home services | 2 | 222 | (90.2) | 0.53±0.29 | 1.02 | .308 | ||
3 | 24 | (9.8) | 0.47±0.30 | |||||
Long-term care grade | 1a | 8 | (3.3) | 0.30±0.32 | 13.86 | .001 | b,c<d | |
2b | 19 | (7.7) | 0.26±0.33 | |||||
3c | 90 | (36.6) | 0.47±0.30 | |||||
4d | 129 | (52.4) | 0.62±0.24 |
Variables | Mean±SD | Min | Max | Skewness | Kurtosis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Long-term care grade | 3.38±0.77 | 1 | 4 | –1.21 | 1.17 |
Number of chronic diseases | 2.68±0.75 | 1 | 5 | 0.60 | –0.70 |
Social support | 3.30±0.63 | 1.67 | 5.00 | 0.16 | 0.23 |
Depression | 1.29±0.62 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.27 | –0.46 |
Self-care agency | 3.83±0.99 | 1.22 | 5.79 | –0.29 | 0.57 |
Perceived health status | 5.46±1.67 | 3.00 | 11.00 | 0.63 | 0.40 |
Quality of life | 0.53±0.29 | –0.17 | 0.95 | –0.97 | –0.26 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r(p) | ||||||||
1. Age (year) | 1 | |||||||
2. Long-term care grade | –.12 | 1 | ||||||
(.057) | ||||||||
3. Number of chronic diseases | .06 | –.02 | 1 | |||||
(.318) | (.809) | |||||||
4. Social support | –.09 | .08 | –.02 | 1 | ||||
(.167) | (.187) | (.731) | ||||||
5. Depression | .07 | .01 | .15* | –.30** | 1 | |||
(.312) | (.962) | (.020) | (.001) | |||||
6. Self-care agency | –.11 | .12 | .01 | .29** | –.03 | 1 | ||
(.098) | (.068) | (.931) | (.001) | (.001) | ||||
7. Perceived health status | .011 | .21** | –.24* | .12 | –.51** | .14* | 1 | |
(.867) | (.001) | (.001) | (.072) | (.001) | (.032) | |||
8. Quality of life | –.14* | .37** | –.08 | .20** | –.37** | .19** | .50** | |
(.027) | (.001) | (.236) | (.002) | (.001) | (.003) | (.001) | 1 |
Endogenous variables | Exogenous variables | β | S.E | CR | p | Direct effect(p) | Indirect effect(p) | Total effect(p) | SMC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Depression | Age (year) | .03 | 0.01 | 0.43 | .668 | .03 (.766) | .03 (.766) | .11 | |
Long-term care grade | .03 | 0.05 | 0.48 | .635 | .03 (.615) | .03 (.615) | |||
Living arrangement | .01 | 0.08 | 0.21 | .834 | .01 (.658) | .01 (.658) | |||
Number of chronic diseases | .14 | 0.05 | 2.33 | .020 | .14 (.002) | .14 (.002) | |||
Social support | –.30 | 0.06 | –4.77 | .001 | –.30 (.019) | –.30 (.019) | |||
Self–care agency | Age (year) | –.10 | 0.01 | –1.58 | .115 | –.10 (.135) | .01 (.506) | –.10 (.102) | .10 |
Long-term care grade | .10 | 0.07 | 1.60 | .110 | .10 (.153) | .01 (.356) | .10 (.165) | ||
Living arrangement | –.02 | 0.12 | –0.34 | .734 | –.02 (.780) | .01 (.522) | –.02 (.817) | ||
Social support | .29 | 0.10 | 4.41 | .001 | .29 (.005) | –.02 (.364) | .27 (.004) | ||
Depression | .06 | 0.09 | 0.89 | .371 | .06 (.449) | .06 (.449) | |||
Perceived health status | Age (year) | .03 | 0.01 | 0.49 | .623 | .03 (.717) | –.03 (.452) | .00 (.968) | .33 |
Long–term care grade | .19 | 0.12 | 3.46 | .001 | .19 (.012) | –.01 (.998) | .18 (.012) | ||
Living arrangement | –.09 | 0.19 | –1.63 | .104 | –.09 (.082) | –.01 (.634) | –.10 (.085) | ||
Social support | –.08 | 0.16 | –1.29 | .198 | –.08 (.196) | .19 (.010) | .12 (.073) | ||
Depression | –.54 | 0.15 | –9.81 | .001 | –.54 (.009) | .01 (.283) | –.53 (.011) | ||
Self-care agency | .12 | 0.10 | 2.24 | .025 | .12 (.036) | .12 (.036) | |||
Health– related quality of life | Age (year) | –.16 | 0.01 | –3.13 | .002 | –.16 (.022) | –.01 (.734) | –.17 (.029) | .40 |
Long-term care grade | .29 | 0.02 | 5.49 | .001 | .29 (.006) | .06 (.026) | .35 (.009) | ||
Living arrangement | –.12 | 0.03 | –2.20 | .028 | –.12 (.027) | –.03 (.245) | –.15 (.015) | ||
Social support | .08 | 0.03 | 1.35 | .178 | .08 (.099) | .11 (.014) | .19 (.008) | ||
Depression | –.18 | 0.03 | –2.96 | .003 | –.18 (.039) | –.16 (.011) | –.34 (.011) | ||
Self-care agency | .07 | 0.02 | 1.29 | .196 | .07 (.284) | .04 (.026) | .11 (.102) | ||
Perceived health status | .31 | 0.01 | 5.14 | .001 | .31 (.013) | .31 (.013) |
SD=standard deviation; † mean±SD=82.40±7.10
SD=standard deviation
*
C.R.=Critical ratio; S.E.=Standard error; SMC=Squared multiple correlation.