충남대학교 간호대학 교수
Professor, College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
Copyright © 2025 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0) which allows readers to disseminate and reuse the article, as well as share and reuse the scientific material. It does not permit the creation of derivative works without specific permission.
Conflict of interest
Hyun-Ju Seo has been editorial board member of the Research in Community and Public Health Nursing. She was not involved in the review process of this manuscript. Otherwise, there was no conflict of interest.
Funding
None.
Authors’ contributions
Hyun-Ju Seo contributed to conceptualization, methodology, writing – review & editing, resources, supervision, and validation.
Data availability
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.
Acknowledgements
None.
| Examples | Review Aims |
|---|---|
| Clari et al. (2020) [21] | To identify, summarize, and integrate quantitative and qualitative evidence on mindfulness-based programs for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), to describe potential barriers and facilitators to their implementation, and to develop recommendations for introducing mindfulness-based programs for COPD patients. |
| Chen et al. (2022) [22] | To synthesize evidence on interventions aimed at enhancing the leadership of managers who supervise nurses, specifically to (1) identify the components of leadership interventions, (2) explore the effects of these interventions on improving leadership competencies, and (3) understand managers’ perceptions of participating in interventions. |
| Qualitization: | Quantitative data are transformed into categories or themes. | |
| Sangy et al. 2023 [23] | The main reasons women did not utilize the services of skilled midwife-led care were the distance to health facilities (45%) and inadequate transportation (21%). | Insufficient transportation hampered access to services for women in remote areas. |
| Quantization: | Qualitative data are transformed into numerical data. | |
| Nzabonimpa 2018 [24] | In qualitative studies, part of the descriptive data can be coded as not discernible, noted in passing, important, or dominant. | To represent a linear increase in spatial or temporal intensity, the coding categories can be assigned numerical values ranging from 1 to 4. |
| In qualitative data, coding can be dichotomized based on whether a specific concept or issue related to the research topic is present or absent, or whether it is explicitly mentioned or not. | 1: presence or mentioned | |
| 0: absence or not mentioned | ||
| Examples | Review Aims |
|---|---|
| Clari et al. (2020) [21] | To identify, summarize, and integrate quantitative and qualitative evidence on mindfulness-based programs for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), to describe potential barriers and facilitators to their implementation, and to develop recommendations for introducing mindfulness-based programs for COPD patients. |
| Chen et al. (2022) [22] | To synthesize evidence on interventions aimed at enhancing the leadership of managers who supervise nurses, specifically to (1) identify the components of leadership interventions, (2) explore the effects of these interventions on improving leadership competencies, and (3) understand managers’ perceptions of participating in interventions. |
| Qualitization: | Quantitative data are transformed into categories or themes. | |
| Sangy et al. 2023 [23] | The main reasons women did not utilize the services of skilled midwife-led care were the distance to health facilities (45%) and inadequate transportation (21%). | Insufficient transportation hampered access to services for women in remote areas. |
| Quantization: | Qualitative data are transformed into numerical data. | |
| Nzabonimpa 2018 [24] | In qualitative studies, part of the descriptive data can be coded as not discernible, noted in passing, important, or dominant. | To represent a linear increase in spatial or temporal intensity, the coding categories can be assigned numerical values ranging from 1 to 4. |
| In qualitative data, coding can be dichotomized based on whether a specific concept or issue related to the research topic is present or absent, or whether it is explicitly mentioned or not. | 1: presence or mentioned | |
| 0: absence or not mentioned | ||
| Types of integration | Integration strategy |
|---|---|
| Assimilation of data | • Quantitizing: transforming qualitative data into quantitative data |
| • Qualitizing: transforming quantitative data into qualitative data | |
| • Merging qualitative and quantitative data together | |
| Connection of phases | • Connect the results of the qualitative phase with the data collection and analysis of the quantitative phase |
| • Connect the results of the quantitative phase with the data collection and analysis of the qualitative phase | |
| • Following a thread: The results of one component guide the reanalysis of the other component | |
| Comparison of results | • Compare qualitative evidence synthesis findings with effectiveness synthesis findings |
| • Compare qualitative evidence synthesis findings with individual interventions | |
| • Compare the qualitative evidence synthesis theory with the effectiveness synthesis findings | |
| • Juxtapose findings from qualitative evidence synthesis and quantitative evidence synthesis to offer insight about how findings may be interpreted. | |
| • Focus on similarity, difference, or divergences between qualitative and quantitative results |