Application of the ASE Model to the Assertive Behavior of Non-smoking College Students Under Secondhand Smoke Exposure

Jina Choo; Eun Kyung Kim

doi:10.12799/jkachn.2011.22.1.1

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Original Article
Application of the ASE Model to the Assertive Behavior of Non-smoking College Students Under Secondhand Smoke Exposure: Jina Choo, Eun Kyung Kim; Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 2011;22(1):1-10.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2011.22.1.1
Published online: April 4, 2014

¹Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, Korea University, Korea.

²Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Suwon Science College, Korea.

• Received: January 15, 2011 • Revised: March 11, 2011 • Accepted: March 14, 2011

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract

Abstract

Purpose
The present study was to apply the Attitudes-Social influence-Efficacy (ASE) model in order to identify factors associated with the assertive behavior of non-smoking college students when they are exposed to secondhand smokes in Korea.
Methods
Data were collected from non-smoking college students (N=1,656, 76.6% female) at two universities in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The main outcome measure was the assertive behavior. ASE factors such as attitudes toward being assertive, social influences, and self-efficacy as well as socio-demographic, health- related, and smoking-related factors were self-administrated.
Results
The mean of the assertive behavior (range 1~5 points) was 2.23; 37.6% was not at all assertive, while 4.3% was always assertive. Higher assertiveness was significantly correlated with a higher level of positive attitude, social influence and self-efficacy (p<.05 for all). Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that the social influence was the strongest factor associated with the assertive behavior (β=0.430, p<.001, R²=.246), followed by self-efficacy, motive to assertiveness, having any family member who had diseases, and male gender. These factors explained the assertive behavior by 39.7%.
Conclusion
The ASE model may explain the assertive behavior of non-smoking college students under secondhand smoke exposure. Social influence and self-efficacy were significant factors associated with their assertive behavior.
Key Words: Secondhand smoke; Assertiveness; Attitude; Social behavior; Self-efficacy

Table 1

Sociodemographic, Health- and Smoking-related Factors and Assertive Behavior Levels (N=1,656)

SHS=secondhand smoking, M=mean; SD=standard deviation.

^†N=358.

Table 2

Levels of the Assertive Behavior and ASE-related Factors (N=1,656)

ASE=attitude, social influence, and efficacy; M=mean; SD=standard deviation.

Table 3

Correlations between the Assertive Behavior and ASE-related Factors (N=1,656)

ASE=attitude, social influence, and efficacy.

Table 4

Factors Associated with the Assertive Behavior (N=1,656)

SE=standard error.

^†Dummy variable: motive to assertiveness yes=1, no=0; ^‡Dummy variable: family member's disease yes=1, no=0; ^§Dummy variable: male=1, female=0

This work was supported by a Korea University Grant (K0823601).

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Application of the ASE Model to the Assertive Behavior of Non-smoking College Students Under Secondhand Smoke Exposure

Table 1 Sociodemographic, Health- and Smoking-related Factors and Assertive Behavior Levels (N=1,656)

SHS=secondhand smoking, M=mean; SD=standard deviation.

^†N=358.

Table 2 Levels of the Assertive Behavior and ASE-related Factors (N=1,656)

ASE=attitude, social influence, and efficacy; M=mean; SD=standard deviation.

Table 3 Correlations between the Assertive Behavior and ASE-related Factors (N=1,656)

ASE=attitude, social influence, and efficacy.

Table 4 Factors Associated with the Assertive Behavior (N=1,656)

SE=standard error.

^†Dummy variable: motive to assertiveness yes=1, no=0; ^‡Dummy variable: family member's disease yes=1, no=0; ^§Dummy variable: male=1, female=0