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The Relationship between Cultural Competency and the Importance of Nurses' Qualities Perceived by Undergraduate Nursing Students

Article information

Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2016;27(2):163-172
Publication date (electronic) : 2016 June 30
doi : https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2016.27.2.163
Kyung Sook Choi1, Woo Sook Lee2, Yeon Suk Park3, Myunghee Jun4, So Young Lee5, Yeonwoo Park5, Soo Young Park6, Thongpriwan Vipavee4
1Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
2College of Nursing, Taegu Science University, Daegu, Korea.
3Department of Nursing, Kongju National University, Kongju, Korea.
4University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
5Granduate School, Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea.
6School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA.
Corresponding author: Jun, Myunghee. 7109 Sauk Circle, Mequon WI 53092, USA. Tel: +1-414-639-5562, jun2@uwm.edu
Received 2016 April 09; Revised 2016 June 16; Accepted 2016 June 17.

Abstract

Purpose

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between cultural competency and the importance of nurses' qualities perceived by undergraduate nursing students.

Methods

Researchers developed two tools for this study after reviewing the related literature and conducting research team workshops: questionnaire of cultural competency and the importance of nurses' qualities. 200 nursing students were recruited in convenient sampling to respond to these questionnaires. Of nurses' 10 qualities, major affecting factors on the cultural competency were identified by stepwise multiple regression analysis.

Results

The nursing students perceived technical nursing skills and professional nursing knowledge as nurses' most important qualities. However, 'having a passion for patient care', 'demonstrating strong nursing profession's code of ethics??and 'teaching and research ability' were found as significant influencing factors on the variance of the cultural competency. These three factors explained 16% of the total variances of the cultural competency (F=13.98, p<.001).

Conclusion

The educational strategies to improve cultural nursing competency need to incorporate students' expectations for the professional nurses' roles. Also, further studies need to develop reliable and valid measurement tools for cultural competency

Keywords: Cultural competency; Cultural diversity; Nursing education; Nursing students

Notes

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2013R1A1A2011994).

References

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Article information Continued

© 2016 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Funded by : National Research Foundation of Koreahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003725
Award ID : NRF-2013R1A1A2011994

Table 1

General Characteristics of the Subjects and Mean Score of Cultural Competency (N=200)

Characteristics n (%) M±SD t or F p Scheffé
Year of the students Freshmen 100 (50.0) 65.63±6.56 3.12 .002
Senior 100 (50.0) 62.69±6.72
Gender Female 177 (87.5) 64.23±.6.45 0.38 .704
Male 23 (11.5) 63.66±9.07
Level of academic performance High (the top 30%) 61 (30.5) 64.05±6.54 0.27 .764
Medium (31%~69%) 124 (62.0) 64.06±6.72
Low (the bottom 30%) 15 (7.5) 65.40±8.48
Reason for entering nursing college Aptitude 42 (21.0) 66.12±7.89 1.77 .136
Desire for professional job 62 (31.0) 64.68±6.13
Job security 53 (26.5) 62.98±5.65
Significant other's recommendation 31 (15.5) 62.71±7.02
Others 12 (6.0) 63.58±8.81
Moment when to choose the nursing as a major Before starting high schoola 31 (15.5) 66.58±8.63 3.82 .005 a>b
b<c
Freshmen year in high schoolb 27 (13.5) 60.30±4.09
Sophomore year in high schoolc 39 (19.5) 65.51±6.57
Junior in high schoold 63 (31.5) 64.08±6.24
After taking National college entrance exame 40 (20.0) 63.70±6.73
Total 200 (100.0) 64.16±6.78

Table 2

Mean score of Cultural Competency by Year of the Students (N=200)

Sub-scale Number of item Range Total (n=200) Freshmen (n=100) Senior (n=100) t p
M±SD M±SD M±SD
Cultural awareness and desire 9 1~5 3.56±0.44 3.64±0.43 3.47±0.43 2.77 .006
Cultural encounter 4 1~5 3.74±0.67 3.89±0.64 3.60±0.68 3.14 .002
Cultural nursing knowledge and skill 5 1~5 3.43±0.47 3.46±0.50 3.41±0.44 0.78 .435
Total score 18 18~90 64.16±6.78 65.63±6.56 62.69±6.72 3.13 .002

Table 3

Correlation among Age, Cultural Competency and the Importance of Nurse's Qualities. (N=200)

Variables Age CC Q01 Q02 Q03 Q04 Q05 Q06 Q07 Q08 Q09 Q10
r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p)
Age (year) 1 -.03
(.646)		 -.13
(.058)		 -.23
(.001)		 .014
(.841)		 .08
(.220)		 .02
(.837)		 .12
(.093)		 .08
(.263)		 .04
(.575)		 .04
(.601)		 .12
(.095)
CC 1 .21
(.002)		 .20
(.004)		 .25
(<.001)		 .22
(.002)		 .33
(<.001)		 .23
(.001)		 .30
(<.001)		 .29
(<.001)		 .26
(<.001)		 .24
(.001)
Q01 1 .65
(<.001)		 .17
(.016)		 .17
(.019)		 .20
(.005)		 .11
(.139)		 .16
(.024)		 .19
(.008)		 .20
(.005)		 .14
(.051)
Q02 1 .21
(.003)		 .15
(.033)		 .23
(.001)		 .09
(.194)		 .16
(.028)		 .25
(<.001)		 .30
(<.001)		 .06
(.402)
Q03 1 .49
(<.001)		 .45
(<.001)		 .27
(<.001)		 .30
(<.001)		 .26
(<.001)		 .20
(.004)		 .32
(<.001)
Q04 1 .36
(<.001)		 .49
(<.001)		 .44
(<.001)		 .29
(<.001)		 .19
(.008)		 .36
(<.001)
Q05 1 .28
(<.001)		 .29
(<.001)		 .39
(<.001)		 .22
(.002)		 .19
(.008)
Q06 1 .49
(<.001)		 .25
(<.001)		 .26
(<.001)		 .34
(<.001)
Q07 1 .34
(<.001)		 .30
(<.001)		 .32
(<.001)
Q08 1 .47
(<.001)		 .28
(<.001)
Q09 1 .25
(<.001)
Q10 1

CC=cultural competency; Q01=displaying the technical skills; Q02=having the professional nursing knowledge base; Q03=communication well with patients and family members; Q04=keeping the collaborative relationship with co-workers; Q05=having a passion for the patient care; Q06=maintaining physical health for herself or himself; Q07=demonstrating nursing profession's code of ethics; Q08=contributing to the nursing advancement; Q09=teaching and researching ability; Q10=having a sense of humor.

Table 4

The Mean Sore of the Students' Perceived Importance of Nurse's Qualities (N=200)

Importance of nurse's quality Total Freshmen Senior
Rank M±SD Rank M±SD Rank M±SD
. Displaying the technical skills 1 4.71±0.48 1 4.75±0,46 3 4.67±0.49
. Having the professional nursing knowledge base 2 4.67±0.50 2 4.77±0.69 4 4.57±0.52
. Communicating well with patients and family members 3 4.65±0.50 3 4.60±0.51 1 4.71±0.48
. Keeping the collaborative relationship with co-workers 4 4.59±0.57 4 4.47±0.59 2 4.70±0.52
. Having a passion for the patient care 5 4.55±0.54 5 4.55±0.54 5 4.55±0.54
. Maintaining physical health for herself or himself 6 4.44±0.66 6 4.43±0.69 6 4.45±0.63
. Demonstrating nursing profession's code of ethics 7 4.42±0.67 7 4.43±0.66 7 4.40±0.68
. Contributing to the nursing advancement 8 3.91±0.69 8 3.95±0.67 8 3.88±0.70
. Teaching and researching ability 9 3.63±0.70 9 3.64±0.77 9 3.61±0.63
. Having a sense of humor 10 3.42±0.79 10 3.24±0.84 10 3.60±0.70

Table 5

Major Affecting Factors on Nursing Competency (N=200)

Affecting factors B SE β t p
Q05 3.11 .86 .24 3.61 <.001
Q07 1.85 .71 .18 2.60 .010
Q09 1.48 .66 .15 2.14 .026
R2=.16, F=13.98, p<.001

Q05=having a passion for the patient care; Q07=demonstrating nursing profession's code of ethics; Q09=teaching and researching ability.