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The Prevalence of Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, and Atopic Dermatitis in Elementary School Students according to the Body Mass Index

Article information

Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2015;26(3):230-237
Publication date (electronic) : 2015 September 30
doi : https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.3.230
Chong Mi Chang1, Sang Hee Chun2, Jin Yi Choi3
1Department of Nursing, Yong-In Sondam College, Yongin, Korea.
2Department of Nursing, Choonhae College of Health Science, Ulsan, Korea.
3Department of Nursing, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea.
Corresponding author: Choi, Jin Yi. Department of Nursing, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju 380-701, Korea. Tel: +82-43-840-3959, Fax: +82-43-840-3958, jinred75@kku.ac.kr
Received 2015 April 08; Revised 2015 July 28; Accepted 2015 September 17.

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis in elementary school students according to thebody mass index.

Methods

This study was conducted as cross-sectional descriptive research using a structured questionnaire. Data were collected from 6,398 students at 15 elementary schools located in Y City in Korea. The cross-sectional survey used the Korean version of International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratios of body mass index.

Results

The symptom prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis in the last 12 months was 12.4%, 49.5%, and 24.5%, respectively. The symptom prevalence of asthma was significantly higher in the obesity group. The number of those without any asthma symptom in lifetime was significantly smaller in the overweight (OR=0.70, p=.004) and obesity (OR=0.57, p=.005) groups than in the healthy weight group.

Conclusion

These results suggest that asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis prevention programs for elementary school students should include weight control intervention.

Keywords: Student; Asthma; Rhinitis; Allergic; Dermatitis; Atopic; Body mass index

Notes

This work was supported by the Sujigu Health Center grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP)

References

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Article information Continued

© 2015 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Funded by : Sujigu Health Center

Table 1

Grade and Gender on Body Mass Index (BMI) Categories (N=6,398)

Variables Categories Total (n=6398) Underweight (n=374) Healthy weight (n=5328) Overweight (n=529) Obesity (n=167) χ2 (p)
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
Gender Male 3,234 (50.5) 152 (40.6) 2,651 (49.8) 323 (61.1) 108 (64.7) 52.72
(<.001)
Female 3,164 (49.5) 222 (59.4) 2,677 (50.2) 206 (38.9) 59 (35.3)
Grade 1 1,777 (27.8) 104 (27.8) 1,459 (27.4) 140 (26.5) 74 (44.3) 50.81
(<.001)
2 632 (9.9) 49 (13.1) 510 (9.6) 55 (10.4) 18 (10.8)
3 703 (11.0) 54 (14.4) 567 (10.6) 65 (12.3) 17 (10.2)
4 1,803 (28.2) 92 (24.6) 1,550 (29.1) 132 (25.0) 29 (17.4)
5 670 (10.5) 24 (6.4) 567 (10.6) 63 (11.9) 16 (9.6)
6 813 (12.7) 51 (13.6) 675 (12.7) 74 (14.0) 13 (7.8)

Table 2

Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, and Atopic Dermatitis Prevalence according to Body Mass Index Categories in Elementary School Students (N=6,398)

Variables Categories Total (n=6398) Under weight (n=374) Healthy weight (n=5328) Overweight (n=529) Obesity (n=167) χ2 (p)
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
Asthma Symptom, ever 793 (12.4) 42 (11.2) 633 (11.9) 86 (16.3) 32 (19.2) 16.08 (.001)
Symptom, last 12 months 253 (31.9) 10 (23.8) 204 (32.2) 28 (32.6) 11 (34.4) 1.40 (.705)
Diagnosis, ever 368 (5.8) 17 (4.5) 305 (5.7) 39 (7.4) 7 (4.2) 4.32 (.229)
Allergic rhinitis Symptom, ever 3,169 (49.5) 181 (48.4) 2,616 (49.1) 280 (52.9) 92 (55.1) 5.10 (.165)
Symptom, last 12 months 2,850 (89.9) 158 (87.3) 2,362 (90.3) 255 (91.1) 75 (81.5) 3.78 (.287)
Diagnosis, ever 2,624 (41.0) 142 (38.0) 2,184 (41.0) 227 (42.9) 71 (42.5) 2.38 (.498)
Atopic dermatitis Symptom, ever 1,569 (24.5) 103 (27.5) 1,308 (24.5) 118 (22.3) 40 (24.0) 3.28 (.351)
Symptom, last 12 months 957 (61.0) 67 (65.0) 793 (60.6) 68 (57.6) 29 (72.5) 5.19 (.158)
Diagnosis, ever 2,020 (31.6) 133 (35.6) 1,683 (31.6) 152 (28.7) 52 (31.1) 4.74 (.192)

Table 3

Multinominal Logistic Regression for Prevalence Influencing the BMI Categoriesp

Variables Categories Estimated β SE Wald OR p 95% CI
Underweight Intercept -2.840 0.416 46.627 <.001
Asthma symptom, ever=0 0.064 0.169 0.142 1.07 .707 0.77~1.49
Asthma symptom, last 12 months=0 0.425 0.392 1.177 1.53 .278 0.71~3.30
Asthma diagnosis, ever=0 0.112 0.354 0.101 1.12 .751 0.56~2.24
Allergic rhinitis symptom, ever=0 0.329 0.673 0.239 1.39 .625 0.37~5.20
Allergic rhinitis symptom, last 12 months=0 0.076 0.658 0.013 1.08 .909 0.30~3.91
Allergic rhinitis diagnosis, ever=0 -0.068 0.406 0.028 0.93 .867 0.42~2.07
Atopic dermatitis symptom, ever=0 -0.730 0.452 2.606 0.48 .106 0.20~1.17
Atopic dermatitis symptom, last 12 months=0 -0.389 0.473 0.676 0.68 .411 0.27~1.71
Atopic dermatitis diagnosis, ever=0 0.589 0.409 2.076 1.80 .150 0.81~4.02
Overweight Intercept -2.381 0.345 47.519 <.001
Asthma symptom, ever=0 -0.365 0.125 8.477 0.70 .004 0.54~0.89
Asthma symptom, last 12 months=0 -0.064 0.255 0.062 0.94 .803 0.57~1.55
Asthma diagnosis, ever=0 0.033 0.246 0.018 1.03 .895 0.64~1.67
Allergic rhinitis symptom, ever=0 -0.391 0.460 0.722 0.68 .395 0.27~1.67
Allergic rhinitis symptom, last 12 months=0 0.230 0.421 0.297 1.26 .585 0.55~2.87
Allergic rhinitis diagnosis, ever=0 -0.167 0.285 0.343 0.85 .558 0.48~1.48
Atopic dermatitis symptom, ever=0 -0.077 0.324 0.056 0.93 .813 0.49~1.75
Atopic dermatitis symptom, last 12 months=0 0.546 0.405 1.810 1.73 .178 0.78~3.82
Atopic dermatitis diagnosis, ever=0 0.174 0.281 0.381 1.20 .537 0.69~2.07
Obesity Intercept -3.324 0.513 41.973 <.001
Asthma symptom, ever=0 -0.564 0.201 7.871 0.57 .005 0.38~0.84
Asthma symptom, last 12 months=0 -0.269 0.404 0.446 0.76 .504 0.35~1.69
Asthma diagnosis, ever=0 1.146 0.484 5.611 3.14 .018 1.22~8.11
Allergic rhinitis symptom, ever=0 -1.130 0.613 3.395 0.32 .065 0.10~1.08
Allergic rhinitis symptom, last 12 months=0 0.815 0.560 2.123 2.26 .145 0.76~6.77
Allergic rhinitis diagnosis, ever=0 0.398 0.430 0.855 1.49 .355 0.64~3.46
Atopic dermatitis symptom, ever=0 1.914 1.049 3.331 6.78 .068 0.87~52.97
Atopic dermatitis symptom, last 12 months=0 -2.265 1.067 4.505 0.10 .034 0.01~0.84
Atopic dermatitis diagnosis, ever=0 -0.118 0.454 0.068 0.89 .794 0.37~2.16