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Influence of Cellular Phone Videos and Games on Dry Eye Syndrome in University Students

Article information

Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2014;25(1):12-23
Publication date (electronic) : 2014 March 31
doi : https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2014.25.1.12
Jeong Sook Park1, Mi Jung Choi2, Ji Eun Ma1, Ji Hyun Moon1, Hyo Jeong Moon1
1College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.
2Graduate School, College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.
Corresponding author: Choi, Mi Jung. College of Nursing, Keimyung University, 1095 Shindang-dong, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea. Tel: +82-10-4532-8171, Fax: +82-53-580-3916, kiaotoo@hanmail.net
Received 2013 October 11; Revised 2014 January 16; Accepted 2014 March 21.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate influence of cellular phone videos and games on dry eye syndrome in university students.

Methods

A randomized comparison group pre-post design is used. Sixty university students were randomly assigned to either a video or a game group. Frequencies of blinking, dry eye symptoms scores and amounts of tears were measured. Thirty subjects watched cellular phone video programmes and the other 30 subjects played cellular phone games for 61 minutes. In addition, frequencies of blinking were measured three times during treatment, once immediately after a treatment and twice at an interval of 20 minutes after subsequent treatments.

Results

Post-test scores of frequencies of blinking significantly decreased, dry eye symptoms scores including amounts of tears significantly increased greater than pre-test scores in both groups. But there were no significant differences between the groups. Frequencies of blinking were significantly different with respect to the time spent using cellular phone. In both groups, the lowest frequencies of blinking were shown after 40 minutes of cellular phone use.

Conclusion

This study shows that using cellular phone has negative influence on dry eye syndrome and eyes require a resting period after cellular phone use over 40 minutes.

Keywords: Cellular phone; University; Students; Dry eye syndrome

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Article information Continued

© 2014 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Figure 1

Figure 1

The change of frequency of blinking according to time.

A=Before smartphone use; B1=20 minutes after smartphone use; B2= 40 minutes after smartphone use; B3=60 minutes after smartphone use; C1=immediately after remove smartphone use; C2=20 minutes after remove smartphone use; C3=40 minutes after remove smartphone use.

Table 1

Homogeneity Test of General Characteristics and Pretest Dependent Variables (N=60)

Table 1

†Fisher's exact test; ‡Multiple answered; §Mann-Whitney U test.

Table 2

Differences of Dependent Variables between Pretest and Posttest (N=60)

Table 2

Table 3

Differences of Dependent Variables between Video Group and Game Group (N=60)

Table 3

Table 4

Comparison of Frequency of Blinking by Repeated Measures ANOVA (N=60)

Table 4