Table 1Characteristics of Visiting Nurse Users (N=2,297)
Level |
Metropolitan |
Providence |
Rural |
Total |
Level I |
168 |
212 |
39 |
419 |
Level II |
197 |
234 |
50 |
481 |
Level III |
572 |
675 |
150 |
1,397 |
Total |
937 |
1,121 |
239 |
2,297 |
Table 2Characteristics Classified by Types of Service (N=270)
Characteristics |
Categories |
Metropolitan (n=90) |
Providence (n=90) |
Rural (n=90) |
Total (n=270) |
χ2 or F (p) |
n (%) or M±SD |
n (%) or M±SD |
n (%) or M±SD |
n (%) or M±SD |
Gender |
Male |
38 (42.2) |
46 (51.1) |
38 (42.2) |
122 (45.2) |
1.91 (.384) |
Female |
52 (57.8) |
44 (48.9) |
52 (57.8) |
148 (54.8) |
Age (year) |
65~69 |
18 (20.0) |
21 (23.3) |
14 (15.6) |
53 (19.6) |
8.70 (.368) |
70~74 |
16 (17.8) |
17 (18.9) |
11 (12.2) |
44 (16.3) |
75~79 |
23 (25.6) |
14 (15.6) |
28 (31.1) |
65 (24.1) |
80~84 |
17 (18.9) |
18 (20.0) |
15 (16.7) |
50 (18.5) |
≥85 |
16 (17.8) |
20 (22.2) |
22 (24.4) |
58 (21.5) |
|
|
75.37±10.81 |
75.66±12.72 |
77.44±9.45 |
76.13±11.07 |
0.92 (.401) |
Care-giver |
Daughter |
21 (23.3) |
11 (12.2) |
7 (7.8) |
39 (14.4) |
13.93 (.176) |
Son |
15 (16.7) |
15 (16.7) |
18 (20.0) |
48 (17.8) |
Spouse |
39 (43.3) |
40 (44.4) |
32 (35.6) |
111 (41.1) |
Others |
11 (12.2) |
11 (12.2) |
16 (17.8) |
38 (14.1) |
Disease |
Dementia |
33 (36.7) |
38 (42.2) |
40 (44.4) |
111 (41.1) |
4.56 (.336) |
Stroke |
34 (37.8) |
25 (27.8) |
33 (36.7) |
92 (34.1) |
Dementia+stroke |
23 (25.6) |
27 (30.0) |
17 (18.9) |
67 (24.8) |
Duration of visiting nursing service (year) |
<1 |
32 (35.6) |
37 (41.1) |
34 (37.8) |
103 (38.1) |
12.18 (.432) |
1~<2 |
19 (21.1) |
18 (20.0) |
14 (15.6) |
51 (18.9) |
≥2 |
39 (43.3) |
35 (38.9) |
42 (46.7) |
116 (43.0) |
Frequency of visiting nursing use (week) |
1.71±2.23 |
2.30±2.51 |
1.93±2.34 |
1.98±2.36 |
0.46 (.635) |
Service provider |
Nurse |
78 (86.7) |
80 (88.9) |
74 (82.2) |
232 (85.9) |
3.87 (.423) |
Certified nurse aid |
4 (4.4) |
3 (3.3) |
2 (2.2) |
9 (3.3) |
Unknown |
8 (8.9) |
7 (7.8) |
14 (15.6) |
29 (10.7) |
Use of medical services |
Yes |
69 (76.7) |
68 (75.6) |
61 (67.8) |
198 (73.3) |
2.16 (.340) |
No |
21 (23.3) |
22 (24.4) |
29 (32.2) |
72 (26.7) |
Table 3Types of Service (N=270)
Characteristics |
Metropolitan (n=90) |
Providence (n=90) |
Rural (n=90) |
Total (n=270) |
χ2 (p) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
n (%) |
Physical assessment & monitoring |
80 (88.9) |
82 (91.1) |
88 (97.8) |
250 (92.6) |
5.62 (.060) |
Medication |
31 (34.4) |
23 (25.6) |
41 (45.6) |
95 (35.2) |
7.93 (.019) |
Respiratory care |
18 (20.0) |
16 (17.8) |
10 (11.1) |
44 (16.3) |
2.82 (.244) |
Skilled nursing |
26 (28.9) |
14 (15.6) |
21 (23.3) |
61 (22.6) |
4.62 (.099) |
Care for elimination |
35 (38.9) |
29 (32.2) |
35 (38.9) |
99 (36.7) |
1.15 (.563) |
Care for pressure ulcer |
44 (48.9) |
48 (53.3) |
33 (36.7) |
125 (46.3) |
5.39 (.067) |
Nutritional care |
13 (14.4) |
12 (13.3) |
11 (12.2) |
36 (13.3) |
0.19 (.908) |
Health education & consulting |
59 (65.6) |
48 (53.3) |
63 (70.0) |
170 (63.0) |
5.75 (.056) |
Massage & excercise |
53 (58.9) |
57 (63.3) |
59 (65.6) |
169 (62.6) |
0.89 (.642) |
Table 4Service Satisfaction (N=270)
Variables |
Categories |
M±SD |
F |
p
|
Post hoc |
Explanation about receiving services |
Metropolitana
|
4.26±0.61 |
4.35 |
.014 |
a, c>b |
Providenceb
|
4.01±0.88 |
Ruralc
|
4.34±0.84 |
Subtotal |
4.20±0.79 |
Trust on service provider |
Metropolitana
|
4.32±0.61 |
0.82 |
.441 |
|
Providenceb
|
4.24±0.72 |
Ruralc
|
4.38±0.76 |
Subtotal |
4.31±0.70 |
Professional knowledge about client's disease |
Metropolitana
|
4.20±0.67 |
1.74 |
.177 |
|
Providenceb
|
4.10±0.82 |
Ruralc
|
4.31±0.77 |
Subtotal |
4.20±0.76 |
Level of professional skills |
Metropolitana
|
4.26±0.59 |
2.55 |
.080 |
a, c>b |
Providenceb
|
4.08±0.88 |
Ruralc
|
4.33±0.83 |
Subtotal |
4.22±0.78 |
Physical assessment skill |
Metropolitana
|
3.77±0.87 |
5.79 |
.003 |
c>a, b |
Providenceb
|
3.79±0.87 |
Ruralc
|
4.17±0.91 |
Subtotal |
3.91±0.90 |
Appropriateness of provided service |
Metropolitana
|
4.12±0.73 |
3.89 |
.022 |
c>b |
Providenceb
|
3.99±0.80 |
Ruralc
|
4.31±0.80 |
Subtotal |
4.14±0.79 |
Management of urgent medical condition |
Metropolitana
|
3.80±0.82 |
2.72 |
.068 |
c>a |
Providenceb
|
3.92±0.81 |
Ruralc
|
4.10±0.96 |
Subtotal |
3.94±0.87 |
Frequency of service |
Metropolitana
|
3.88±0.87 |
0.02 |
.982 |
|
Providenceb
|
3.88±0.85 |
Ruralc
|
3.86±1.01 |
Subtotal |
3.87±0.91 |
Desire to service use continuously |
Metropolitana
|
4.36±0.57 |
8.23 |
<.001 |
c>a, b |
Providenceb
|
4.21±0.71 |
Ruralc
|
4.58±0.54 |
Subtotal |
4.38±0.63 |
Overall satisfaction |
Metropolitana
|
4.28±0.60 |
5.30 |
.006 |
c>b |
Providenceb
|
4.12±0.73 |
Ruralc
|
4.46±0.72 |
Subtotal |
4.29±0.70 |
Improvement of health condition after the use of service |
Metropolitana
|
3.34±1.14 |
0.60 |
.549 |
|
Providenceb
|
3.30±1.01 |
Ruralc
|
3.47±1.01 |
Subtotal |
3.37±1.05 |
Total |
Metropolitana
|
44.57±5.20 |
4.05 |
.018 |
c>b |
Providenceb
|
43.64±7.03 |
Ruralc
|
46.30±6.65 |
Subtotal |
44.84±6.41 |
Table 5Types of Needs for Visiting Nurse Service (N=270)
Variables |
Categories |
M±SD |
F |
p
|
Post hoc |
Ability of request for service needed freely |
Metropolitana
|
3.98±0.97 |
4.56 |
.011 |
b>a, c |
Providenceb
|
4.36±0.66 |
Ruralc
|
4.03±1.04 |
Subtotal |
4.12±0.92 |
Service to be provided based on client's request |
Metropolitana
|
4.18±0.87 |
0.87 |
.422 |
|
Providenceb
|
4.27±0.76 |
Ruralc
|
4.10±0.91 |
Subtotal |
4.18±0.85 |
Increased frequency of service |
Metropolitana
|
3.31±1.14 |
4.26 |
.015 |
b>a, c |
Providenceb
|
3.78±1.03 |
Ruralc
|
3.56±1.05 |
Subtotal |
3.55±1.09 |
Service provider's knowledge level |
Metropolitana
|
4.46±0.52 |
0.14 |
.871 |
|
Providenceb
|
4.47±0.60 |
Ruralc
|
4.50±0.64 |
Subtotal |
4.47±0.59 |
Expanded service fields |
Metropolitana
|
3.93±0.92 |
1.91 |
.150 |
|
Providenceb
|
4.20±0.85 |
Ruralc
|
4.08±0.97 |
Subtotal |
4.07±0.92 |
Information about visiting nursing |
Metropolitana
|
3.86±0.91 |
3.50 |
.032 |
b>a |
Providenceb
|
4.18±0.79 |
Ruralc
|
4.10±0.86 |
Subtotal |
4.04±0.86 |
Improvement of the administrative procedure |
Metropolitana
|
3.31±0.94 |
4.10 |
.018 |
b>a, c |
Providenceb
|
3.73±1.04 |
Ruralc
|
3.43±1.07 |
Subtotal |
3.49±1.03 |
Supervision of service providers |
Metropolitana
|
3.87±0.84 |
1.14 |
.320 |
|
Providenceb
|
4.06±0.87 |
Ruralc
|
3.89±1.03 |
Subtotal |
3.94±0.92 |
Total |
Metropolitana
|
30.88±4.18 |
5.05 |
.007 |
b>a, c |
Providenceb
|
33.03±4.80 |
Ruralc
|
31.68±4.70 |
Subtotal |
31.87±4.64 |