Research in Community and Public Health Nursing

Original Articles

Factors affecting cultural adaptation stress by gender among multicultural adolescents in Korea: Seungwoo Han; Res Community Public Health Nurs. 2023;34(4):320-331. Published online December 29, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/rcphn.2023.00276

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This paper is a descriptive survey research to identify factors that affect acculturation stress in multicultural adolescents, and provide basic information that can be used to develop ways to improve their mental health.
Methods
This study used the data of the 2nd multicultural adolescents panel study provided on December 30, 2022 by the National Youth Policy Institute. The subjects of this study were 1,520 multicultural adolescents in the fourth grade of elementary school and the survey period was from July to November 2020. The dependent variable was acculturation stress, and the explanatory variables were as follows: mother’s and father’s country of origin, region size, home economic conditions, academic achievement, experience of discrimination, mother’s level of education, father’s level of education, and number of close friends. Data analysis involved calculation of descriptive statistics, analysis of differences in the level of acculturative stress and general characteristics between male and female adolescents, and multiple regression analysis.
Results
This study found that there are gender differences in significant influencing factors for acculturation stress among multicultural adolescents. For males, factors influencing acculturation stress were identified as regional size, mother's education level, parental support, and teacher support. For females, they were regional size, experience of discrimination, number of close friends, parental support, and self-esteem.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that psychiatric nurses should provide psychiatric nursing and counseling to multicultural adolescents in addition to clinical psychiatric nursing. Various mental health programs should be developed for multicultural adolescents, with a focus on counseling, education, and family therapy.

The Effect of Mother’s Self-esteem, Acculturation Stress and Children’s Perceived Parenting Attitude on Self-esteem of Multicultural Adolescents: An Application of the Family Stress Model: Hun Ha Cho, Jung Mi Kang, Yu Jin Jung; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2022;33(1):32-42. Published online March 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2022.33.1.32

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study was conducted to develop a predictive model for self-esteem of adolescents in multicultural families. The study was based on the theory of family stress model and literature review.
Methods
This study used some of the data from the 1st year (2011) to the 6th year (2016) of the ‘Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (MAPS)'. Data analysis was conducted for 1,208 children and 1,208 mothers from the data of the 4th MAPS (2014), which was the first year of the middle school students. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-WIN Version 20.0 and AMOS Version 20.0.
Results
The factors that have influence on the self-esteem of multicultural adolescents are mother’s parenting attitude and mother’s self-esteem. The explanatory power of these variables was 14%.
Conclusion
To increase the self-esteem of multicultural adolescents, a program that can positively change the self-esteem and parenting attitudes of multicultural mothers should be developed, and various social supports should be provided for multicultural mothers.

A Structural Equation Model of General High School Students’ Happiness: Mediation Effect of Self-esteem and Resilience: Seon Hyang Park, Jeong Sook Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2020;31(3):395-404. Published online September 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2020.31.3.395

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Purpose
This study was conducted to develop a predictive model for happiness of students in general high schools. The study was based on the theory of happiness integration and the literature review. Methods: Data were collected using a convenience sample of 231 first and second grade students in five general high schools in D city and K Province. The exogenous variables were optimism as personality factors, parenting attitude, academic stress and friend’s support as happiness. The endogenous variables were self-esteem and resilience as mediating variables, and happiness of students in general high schools. Data collection was done from March 14 to March 28, 2019. The AMOS 22.0 and SPSS programs were used to verify the validity of confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis models.
Results
The factors that have the greatest influence on happiness of high school students are self-esteem and resilience. The explanatory power of happiness by these variables was 98.1%. The individual mediating effect and double mediation effect of these variables were found to be significant.
Conclusion
As student's optimistic personality, parent's positive parenting attitude, and friend’s support improve student's self-esteem and resilience, ultimately positively affecting high school students' happiness, so it is necessary to consider these factors and try to develop a happiness improvement program.

Citations

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A Structural Equation Model of Subjective Happiness in Menopausal Middle-aged Women
Soo Yeon Lee, Kuem Sun Han
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2023; 32(3): 340. CrossRef
Adolescent Life Satisfaction Explained by Social Support, Emotion Regulation, and Resilience
Lorea Azpiazu Izaguirre, Arantzazu Rodríguez Fernández, Eider Goñi Palacios
Frontiers in Psychology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Development and Effectiveness of the Interpersonal Caring Program for Young North Korean Defectors: Jeong Im Choi, Eun Joung Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2020;31(3):310-321. Published online September 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2020.31.3.310

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Abstract PDF: Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the interpersonal caring program for young North Korean defectors which we developed based on Kim's interpersonal caring technique.
Methods
This study employs a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study are 36 young North Korean defectors living in three areas. The participants are recruited through alternative schools, churches, and acquaintances. The experimental group consists of 20 participants and the control group consists of 16 participants. Experiments are conducted by four days. Specifically, the experiments are conducted eight times and each takes about 120 minutes. Furthermore, we run the camp for two nights and three days. We test our hypothesis by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Independent t-test, Paired t-test, and Independent t-test.
Results
All the test statistics support our hypotheses such as self-esteem (t=1.87, p=.035), mental health (t=-1.69, p=.049), interpersonal relationships (t=1.93, p=.031), and quality of life (t=1.88, p=.034).
Conclusion
We found that the interpersonal caring program developed in this study is effective in improving North Korean defectors’ self-esteem, mental health, interpersonal relationships, and quality of life.

Effects of Anxiety on Health Related Quality of Life of the Elderly: Multiple Mediating Effects of Self-esteem and Social Support: Min Jeong Park, Mi Young Chung; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2020;31(1):24-33. Published online March 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2020.31.1.24

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of self-esteem and social support on the relationship between anxiety and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the elderly.
Methods
The Korea adult psycho-social anxiety survey data were collected from August to September 2015 by the Korea Institute for Health. The subjects were 1,035 elderly people who were aged 65 or older at the time of the data survey. The data were analyzed by t-test, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient, and parallel redundant mediated model for PROCESS macro using SPSS 23.0.
Results
They scored an average of 37.93±7.58 for anxiety, 28.59±3.45 for self-esteem, 17.25±4.11 for social support, and 0.88±0.11 for HRQoL. The direct effect of anxiety on HRQoL and the indirect effect of anxiety mediated with self-esteem and social support about HRQoL were statistically significant.
Conclusion
These results indicate that in order to increase the HRQoL of the elderly, it is necessary to develop an intervention program that focuses not only on reducing anxiety but also on improving self-esteem and social support.

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Differences in the Effects of Work Environment on Health Problems and Satisfaction of Working Condition by Gender: The 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey
Chae Hyeseon, Park Sooin, Kim Insoo, Ko Myungsun
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(19): 6824. CrossRef
Health-related quality of life measured with the EQ-5D-5L in critical care survivors: A cross-sectional study
Jiyeon Kang, Seonyoung Yun, Jiwon Hong
Intensive and Critical Care Nursing.2022; 72: 103252. CrossRef

The Death Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Poor Older Women in Rural Areas: The Moderating Effect of Social Support: Seung Joo Lim, Young Ko, Chun Mi Kim, Hung Sa Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2017;28(4):440-449. Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2017.28.4.440

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PURPOSE
This study was conducted to identify the moderate effect of social support on the relationship between death anxiety and depressive symptoms among poor older women in rural areas.
METHODS
This was a secondary analysis of the data from 209 women who were participated in the intervention study to evaluate the effectiveness of depression prevention program. Data were collected between April and September 2012. The data were analyzed using moderate multiple regressions.
RESULTS
Among these poor older women, depressive symptoms were associated with death anxiety and social support. Self-esteem support had a moderating effect on the relationship between death anxiety and depressive symptoms.
CONCLUSION
The results indicate that the self-esteem support was effective in decreasing depressive symptoms and death anxiety in poor older women. In order to reduce their depression and make positive changes in their lives, self-esteem improvement programs are needed.

Citations

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The influence of tai chi on the death anxiety of elderly people living alone: the chain mediating effect of social support and psychological capital
Jiali Zhou, Baoyuan Wu, Lining Su, Xiujie Ma
Frontiers in Psychology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Death anxiety, self‐esteem, and health‐related quality of life among geriatric caregivers during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Xia Zhao, Weihua Zhang, Yonggang Su, Yanping Song, Huaxin Si, Lifeng Zhu
Psychogeriatrics.2022; 22(2): 236. CrossRef
Death Depression Among Older Adults: A Concept Analysis Utilizing An Evolutionary Approach
Ameneh Yaghoobzadeh, Rebecca H. Lehto, Leila Mardanian Dehkordi, Mohammad Ali Cheraghi, Shahzad Pashaeipour
Research and Theory for Nursing Practice.2022; 36(3): 265. CrossRef
Cohort profile: Korean Urban Rural Elderly (KURE) study, a prospective cohort on ageing and health in Korea
Namki Hong, Kwang-Joon Kim, Su Jin Lee, Chang Oh Kim, Hyeon Chang Kim, Yumie Rhee, Yoosik Youm, Jin-Young Choi, Hyun-Young Park
BMJ Open.2019; 9(10): e031018. CrossRef

Smartphone Addiction and Depression: The Mediating Effects of Self-esteem and Resilience among Middle School Students: Hye Jung Park, Eun Suk Choi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2017;28(3):280-290. Published online September 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2017.28.3.280

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The aim of this research is to examine the moderating effects of self-esteem and resilience in the relationship between smartphone addiction and depression among middle school students.
METHODS
Data were collected from 324 middle school students in D City during the period of July 1st-17th, 2015. Multiple regression analysis, the Baron & Kenny's mediation verification, and Sobel test were conducted to measure the mediating effects of self-esteem and resilience on depression.
RESULTS
There were significant correlations among the variables; smartphone addiction, self-esteem, resilience, and depression. Self-esteem had a complete mediating effect(Î²=-.40, p<.001) in the relationship between smartphone addiction and depression(Sobel test: Z=4.68, p<.001). Resilience had a partial mediating effect(Î²=-.15, p<.001) in the relationship between smartphone addiction and depression(Sobel test: Z=2.40, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
This study suggests to apply self-esteem and resilience in developing nursing intervention programs for adolescent depression caused by smartphone addiction.

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Impact of COVID-19 on Adolescents’ Smartphone Addiction in South Korea
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Social Work in Public Health.2023; 38(4): 268. CrossRef
Investigation Psychological Factors Effecting the Phubbing Behavior of Young Adults with Different Structural Equation Models
Faruk Caner YAM, Hatice KUMCAĞIZ
MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi.2023; 12(3): 1087. CrossRef
The Effect of Children’s Smartphone Overdependence on Problem Behaviors: The Mediating Effect of Sleep Problems
Bokyung Park, Seolheui Yoo
Korean Journal of Child Studies.2023; 44(3): 309. CrossRef
Mediating Effect of Stress Recognition on the Effect of Generalized Anxiety Disorder on Smartphone Dependence
Se Ryeon Lee, Eun-Yeob Kim, Seunghan Ha, Jaeyoung Kim
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(23): 7359. CrossRef
ERGENLERDE DUYGU DÜZENLEME, PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIK VE OKULDA ÖZNEL İYİ OLUŞUN AKILLI TELEFON BAĞIMLILIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ YORDAYICI ROLÜ
Mehmet Enes SAĞAR
Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi.2022; 21(83): 926. CrossRef
Prospective Association Between Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Eating Disorder Symptoms and the Mediating Effect of Resilience in Chinese College Students: A 1-Year Longitudinal Study
Shaojie Li, Guanghui Cui, Yongtian Yin, Kaixuan Tang, Lei Chen, Xinyao Liu
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between mindfulness and nomophobia
Ibrahim Arpaci, Selim Gundogan
British Journal of Guidance & Counselling.2022; 50(5): 782. CrossRef
Effects of a group mindfulness-based cognitive programme on smartphone addictive symptoms and resilience among adolescents: study protocol of a cluster-randomized controlled trial
Anson Chui Yan Tang, Regina Lai Tong Lee
BMC Nursing.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploring psychosocial factors that influence smartphone dependency among Korean adolescents
Hyeon Sik Chu, Young Ran Tak, Hanyi Lee, Geilson Lima Santana
PLOS ONE.2020; 15(5): e0232968. CrossRef
Psychometric Properties of the Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Version (SAS-SV) in a Sample of Iranian Adolescents
Sadeq Fallahtafti, Nikzad Ghanbaripirkashani, Seyed Shahram Alizadeh, Ramin Safiyari Rovoshi
International Journal of Developmental Science.2020; 14(1-2): 19. CrossRef
Predicting the Time Spent Playing Computer and Mobile Games among Medical Undergraduate Students Using Interpersonal Relations and Social Cognitive Theory: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Chongqing, China
Li Chen, Ruiyi Liu, Huan Zeng, Xianglong Xu, Rui Zhu, Manoj Sharma, Yong Zhao
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(8): 1664. CrossRef
Short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale in Chinese adults: Psychometric properties, sociodemographic, and health behavioral correlates
Tzu Tsun Luk, Man Ping Wang, Chen Shen, Alice Wan, Pui Hing Chau, John Oliffe, Kasisomayajula Viswanath, Sophia Siu-chee Chan, Tai Hing Lam
Journal of Behavioral Addictions.2018; 7(4): 1157. CrossRef
The Role of Empathy and Life Satisfaction in Internet and Smartphone Use Disorder
Bernd Lachmann, Cornelia Sindermann, Rayna Y. Sariyska, Ruixue Luo, Martin C. Melchers, Benjamin Becker, Andrew J. Cooper, Christian Montag
Frontiers in Psychology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

The Association between Bullying Experience related to Clinical Placement and Psychological Well-being in Nursing Students: Liping Ren, Hyun Li Kim, Mi Sook Jung; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2015;26(4):321-329. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.4.321

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
This study aimed to explore the prevalence of bullying and to examine the effect of bullying on psychological well-being including depression, self-esteem, and academic major satisfaction among nursing students during clinical training.
METHODS
Three hundreds one nursing students who were recruited from three universities in D City were assessed with self-report questionnaires of bullying experience and psychological well-being. Data analyses were performed using the SPSS 21.0 program, which included one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses.
RESULTS
More than three quarters of the participants experienced bullying during their clinical training, and their experience of being bullied was a significant predictor of psychological well-being even after controlling for perceived academic performance, relationship between nurses and students, teachers' or nurses' help to deal with bullying, and religion.
CONCLUSION
Bullying was an issue among nursing students during clinical placement. Bullying experience yielded negative psychological outcomes associated with high depression, low self-esteem, and low academic major satisfaction. Practical guidelines are required in nursing education to protect students from the possible harm of bullying in clinical settings during training.

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Global prevalence and factors associated with workplace violence against nursing students: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression
Farouq Bin Mohamed Mohamed, Ling Jie Cheng, Xiang Er Cherrie Chia, Hannele Turunen, Hong-Gu He
Aggression and Violent Behavior.2024; 75: 101907. CrossRef
Global prevalence of bullying and associated factors among nursing students during clinical practice: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Jing Zhou, Yuqiang Wang, Qinglin Zeng, Yanli Zeng, Qin Liu, Shiliang Tan, Haiju Gang
Nurse Education Today.2024; 133: 106090. CrossRef
Bullying behaviors and intention to drop-out among nursing students: the mediation roles of sense of belonging and major satisfaction
Hamid Sharif-Nia, João Marôco, Pardis Rahmatpour, Kelly A. Allen, Omolhoda Kaveh, Esmaeil Hoseinzadeh
BMC Nursing.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Incivility experiences and mental health among college nursing students: The moderating role of rumination
Shaoping Qiu, Jie Fan, Naizhu Huang
Journal of Psychology in Africa.2022; 32(5): 514. CrossRef
The impact of bullying on the mental health and academic achievement of nursing students
Enas M. Abdelaziz, Hana M. Abu‐Snieneh
Perspectives in Psychiatric Care.2022; 58(2): 623. CrossRef
Wellness among nursing students: A qualitative study
Chonticha Amattayakong, Areewan Klunklin, Wipada Kunawiktikul, Kannika Kuntaruksa, Sue Turale
Nurse Education in Practice.2020; 48: 102867. CrossRef
Relationship between depression, anxiety, cognitive distortions, and psychological well‐being among nursing students
Arzu Yüksel, Emel Bahadir‐Yilmaz
Perspectives in Psychiatric Care.2019; 55(4): 690. CrossRef
Effects of Bullying Experience on Psychological Well-Being Mediated by Conflict Management Styles and Psychological Empowerment among Nursing Students in Clinical Placement: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Liping Ren, Hyunli Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(5): 700. CrossRef

Effects of a Self-help Management Program at Public Health Centers on Self-efficacy, Self-esteem, Knowledge of Stroke, and Family Supports in Stroke Patients: Koung Oh Chang; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2013;24(4):388-397. Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2013.24.4.388

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to examine effects of a self-help management program at public health centers on self-efficacy, self-esteem, knowledge of stroke and family supports in stroke patients.
METHODS
Based on a quasi-experimental design, 44 persons with stroke were assigned to the experimental group (n=21) or the control group (n=23). Data were analyzed through the descriptive statistics, t-test, chi2-test and Mann-Whitney test with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program.
RESULTS
The experimental group showed significant improvement in its members' self-efficacy, self-esteem, knowledge of stroke and family supports.
CONCLUSION
The self-help management program can be an effective nursing intervention to help stroke patients improve their self-efficacy, self-esteem, knowledge of stroke and family supports. That program is also meaningful in that it can contribute to more effective implementation of established programs for stroke patients in public health centers.

The Relationship between Anger Expression and Self-esteem in Nursing College Students: Nam Hyun Cha, Eun Ju Seo; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2012;23(4):451-459. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2012.23.4.451

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between anger expression and self-esteem in nursing college students.
METHODS
A total of 297 subjects aged between 18 and 28 were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected from March 2 to 25, 2011 using a self-reporting questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 15.0.
RESULTS
Differences in anger expression according to general characteristics were as follows. There were significant differences in violent attitude depending on gender (t=3.003, p<.01). Violent actions differed significantly depending on year in school (F=3.279, p<.05) and whether there is a dual income families (t=-2.23, p<.05). There were significant differences in self-esteem depending on year in school (F=4.553, p<.01), school record (F=15.18, p<.001) and the economic status of the parents (F=4.878, p<.01). There were positive correlations between violent attitude and violent actions, except between violent actions and self-esteem. 10.3% of the variance in violent actions was explained by violent attitude, self-esteem and school in year and perceived acceptance.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study may be useful in understanding the anger expression of nursing college students and developing more specific programs to improve personality and self-control of the mind.

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Explore the Association of Anger with Academic Year Among Nursing Students at Private Nursing Institute Karachi Pakistan
Afsha Bibi, Fazal Khaliq, Muhammad Ishaq, Hammad Ahmad, Hafiz Asim Rasool, Saqib Mahmood
Pakistan BioMedical Journal.2024; : 06. CrossRef
Effect of Clinical Practice Stress and Anger Expression on Assertive Behavior in Nursing Students
Eun-Ju LEE, Gyu-Li BAEK
JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION.2022; 34(1): 104. CrossRef
Attachment, emotion regulation and anger expression in adolescent depression: Did comorbid anxiety disorder not have a role?
Gonca Özyurt, Yusuf Öztürk, Merve Onat, Caner Mutlu, Aynur Akay
Current Psychology.2021; 40(2): 751. CrossRef
Validity and Reliability of Metacognitive Rating Scale for Nursing Students
Kyunghee Lee, Youngjin Heo, Mihwa Han, Mijung Kim, Hyunseok Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2021; 30(3): 269. CrossRef
Influence of Anger Expression on Communication Competence of Nursing Students
Soonyang JANG
JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION.2020; 32(2): 511. CrossRef
Comparing anger, anger expression, life stress and social support between Korean female nursing and general university students
Won Hee Jun, Gyungjoo Lee
Journal of Advanced Nursing.2017; 73(12): 2914. CrossRef
Effects of Anger Expression on Self-Esteem in Dental Hygiene Students
Yang-Keum Han, Ji-Su Yu, Han-Hong Kim
Journal of dental hygiene science.2016; 16(3): 210. CrossRef
Effects of Korean Enneagram Program on the Ego-identity, Interpersonal Relationship, and Self-leadership of Nursing College Students
Weon-Gyeong Kim, Hyang-In Cho Chung
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2015; 21(4): 393. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Learned Helplessness in Undergraduates
Jung Choi, Bo Kyoung Cha
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2014; 28(3): 509. CrossRef
Effects of College Life Characteristics on Depression, Anxiety, and Somatic Symptoms among Freshmen
Mijeong Park, Jihea Choi, Eun Young Lee, Miyoung Park
The Journal of the Korea Contents Association.2014; 14(1): 346. CrossRef
The Association of Self-esteem and Social support with Depressive symptoms in College Students
Eun-Mi Ji, Young-Chae Cho
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(5): 2996. CrossRef
Depression, self‐esteem and anger expression patterns of Korean nursing students
N.H. Cha, S.R. Sok
International Nursing Review.2014; 61(1): 109. CrossRef

The Effects of a Self-esteem and Smoking Cessation Self-efficiency Improvement Program on Smoking High School Students: Young Sook Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2011;22(2):121-130. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2011.22.2.121

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PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to understand the effects of a program to improve self-esteem and smoking cessation self-efficiency on smoking high school students' self-esteem, smoking cessation self-efficiency, amount of smoking, cotinine in urine, and carbon monoxide while exhalation.
METHODS
This research was conducted as a quasi-experimental pretest and posttest control and experimental group methodological comparison study. The subjects were 45 smoking high school students (Exp.=22, Cont.=23) in U City. Data were collected from October 19 to December 7, 2010, and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program by frequency, Mann-Whitney test, means, standard deviations, and Willcoxon signed rank test.
RESULTS
After the treatment, those belonging to the experimental group showed significantly increased self-esteem and smoking cessation self-efficacy and also showed decreased amount of smoking, cotinine in urine, and carbon monoxide while exhalation compared to the control group.
CONCLUSION
The self-esteem and smoking cessation self-efficacy improvement program was effective in improving self-esteem and smoking cessation self-efficacy and in diminishing the amount of smoking, cotinine in urine and carbon monoxide while exhalation. Therefore, this program is recommended as a smoking cessation strategy for smoking adolescents.

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Effectiveness of Integrated Change Model-based Smoking Cessation Program for High School Students
Hae Seon Lee, Su Hyun Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2021; 28(2): 195. CrossRef
Effectiveness of a smoking cessation program on self-esteem, attitude, perception, and practice regarding control over smoking among male high school
Niyom Junnual, Chulaporn Sota, Anun Chaikoolvatana
Journal of Health Research.2019; 33(5): 366. CrossRef
Effects of a Strength Based I-Change Smoking Cessation Program for Smoking Middle School Boys
Jung Hee Kim, Yeon Hee Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(2): 164. CrossRef
Structural Equation Modeling on Smoking Cessation Intention in Male Technical High School Students
Eun Su Do, Eunsuk Choi
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2017; 47(2): 211. CrossRef
Relationship between self-efficacy and learning attitude according to smoking experience in the middle school students
Eun-Joo Son, Kyeung-Ae Jang
Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene.2015; 15(5): 805. CrossRef
Efficacy of Smoking Cessation and Prevention Programs by Intervention Methods: A Systematic Review of Published Studies in Korean Journals during Recent 3 Years
Hye Kyeong Kim, Ji Yeon Park, Eun Joo Kwon, Seung Hee Choi, Han-Ik Cho
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2013; 30(5): 61. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Nicotine Dependency among College Students Intending to Quit Smoking
Hea Shoon Lee, Mi Ryeong Song
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2013; 20(4): 429. CrossRef

Factors Affecting the Health Behavior of Elementary School Children at a Late School Age: Jin A Oh; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2010;21(4):458-467. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2010.21.4.458

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PURPOSE
This study was conducted in order to identify factors related to the health behavior in elementary school children at a late school age and to provide basic data to develop more concrete and practical applications for health promotion and disease prevention.
METHODS
The participants were 2,775 4th, 5th and 6th graders sampled from 10 elementary schools in Busan Metropolitan City and data were collected from 15th May to 30th June, 2010. The collected data were analyzed by mean, percentile, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program.
RESULTS
The average percentiles for self-rated health, body satisfaction, stress, parent attachment, self-esteem, and health behavior were 82.8, 69.5, 40.9, 79.3, 75.9 and 75.9, respectively. There was significant relationship among the levels of self-rated health, body satisfaction, stress, parent attachment, self-esteem, and health behavior. Body satisfaction was the most powerful factor to the health behavior of elementary school children at a late school age, and was followed by parent attachment, self-rated health, self-esteem, and grade in order. These variables explained 26.6% of the total variance in health behavior.
CONCLUSION
Health promotion behavior programs including body satisfaction and self-esteem elevation programs should be applied to children at home and in school and community. To achieve this, institutional and economic support should be continued.

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Jin Kim, Ga Eul Jeon, Nam Hyun Cha
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Sangmi Lee
Child Health Nursing Research.2020; 26(1): 23. CrossRef
Structural Equation Model of Health Promotion Behaviors in Late School-aged Children: Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior
Ga Eul Jeon, Nam Hyun Cha
Child Health Nursing Research.2019; 25(4): 477. CrossRef
Physical Symptoms, Depression, and Related Factors of Late School-age Children in Seoul, Korea: The Mediating Role of Peer Relationships
Kyung-Sook Bang, Sungjae Kim, Kyungim Kang, Minkyung Song
Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2018; 43: e120. CrossRef
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Se Hwa Hong
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2013; 19(1): 78. CrossRef
Relationship of Body Satisfaction, Self-rated Health, and Parent-Child Attachment to Health Behavior of Children as Perceived by 4th Grade Elementary School Students and Their Mothers
Jin-A Oh
Journal of Korean Academy of Child Health Nursing.2011; 17(3): 161. CrossRef
Breakfast Skipping and Related Factors in Children in Poverty
Kyung Ja June, Jin-Young Kim, Seungmi Park, Ji Yun Lee
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2011; 22(2): 204. CrossRef

A Study on the Relationship between Self-Esteem and Meaning of Life in Higher Grade Elementary School Students: Kyung Ah Kang, Shin Jeong Kim, Mi Kyung Song; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2009;20(3):269-276. Published online September 30, 2009

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between self-esteem and meaning of life in higher grade elementary school students.
METHODS
Four hundred eighty four elementary school students in their 4 ~ 6th-grade at S, G and C City were recruited by convenient sampling. Data were collected from August to October, 2008 using a self-reported questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program with mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's test, and Pearson's correlation.
RESULTS
The average score of meaning of life was 3.07 +/- 0.38 and that of self-esteem was 3.43 +/- 0.62. There were significant differences in self-esteem according to variables region and religion, and in meaning of life scores according to variables region, grade, sex and religion. There was a significant positive correlation between self-esteem and meaning of life.
CONCLUSION
Self-esteem and meaning of life should be considered as important factors for healthy development in the elementary school period. Self-esteem should be considered as a main content in developing programs for finding meaning of life for higher grade elementary school students.

The Effect of an Empowerment Health Management Program on Self-esteem and the Quality of Life for the Urban Elderly: Kyung Min Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2008;19(2):226-233. Published online June 30, 2008

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The purpose was to test the effect of an empowerment health management program on self-esteem and the quality of life for the elderly who live in cities.
METHODS
Forty-three elders were randomly assigned to either the experimental group that received the intervention to participate in one year's empowerment practice (one home visiting per week and phone counselling) (n=21) or to the control group that got home visiting only (n=22). The data was analyzed using ANCOVA.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference in the self-esteem score between the two groups after the intervention. But the quality of life score of the experimental group was significantly different from that of the control group after the intervention.
CONCLUSIONS
The health management intervention using empowerment for the elderly living alone with chronic diseases in urban areas had positive effects on the quality of life. Therefore this intervention can be broadly applied to other elders living alone with chronic diseases in urban areas.

Correlations among Internet Games Addiction, Self-esteem and Physical Health in Middle School Students: Ae Ran Joo; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2007;18(2):331-339. Published online June 30, 2007

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was conducted to identify correlations among internet games addiction (IGA), self-esteem and physical health in middle school students.
METHODS
A total of 428 middle school students were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected from the 15th to 30th of March, 2006. Data were analyzed using SPSS/PC program by frequency, chi2-test, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression.
RESULTS
1. According to the results of analyzing the degree of IGA, the addicted group was 1.9%. 2. Analysis of IGA according to the general characteristics showed that there were statistically significant differences in on-line friend, using time and major leisure. 3. Analysis of physical health according to the general characteristics showed that there were statistically significant differences in on-line friend and off-line friend. 4. IGA was in a significantly negative correlation with selfesteem. 5. In the results of regression, using time was identified as a factor influencing the IGA.
CONCLUSION
Considering the results above, we need to develop IGA prevention programs to enhance physical health and self-esteem and to control using time.

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