Influence of Cellular Phone Videos and Games on Dry Eye Syndrome in University Students

Jeong Sook Park; Mi Jung Choi; Ji Eun Ma; Ji Hyun Moon; Hyo Jeong Moon

doi:10.12799/jkachn.2014.25.1.12

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Original Article
Influence of Cellular Phone Videos and Games on Dry Eye Syndrome in University Students: Jeong Sook Park, Mi Jung Choi, Ji Eun Ma, Ji Hyun Moon, Hyo Jeong Moon; Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 2014;25(1):12-23.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2014.25.1.12
Published online: March 31, 2014

¹College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.

²Graduate School, College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea.

• Received: October 11, 2013 • Revised: January 16, 2014 • Accepted: March 21, 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Abstract

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate influence of cellular phone videos and games on dry eye syndrome in university students.
Methods
A randomized comparison group pre-post design is used. Sixty university students were randomly assigned to either a video or a game group. Frequencies of blinking, dry eye symptoms scores and amounts of tears were measured. Thirty subjects watched cellular phone video programmes and the other 30 subjects played cellular phone games for 61 minutes. In addition, frequencies of blinking were measured three times during treatment, once immediately after a treatment and twice at an interval of 20 minutes after subsequent treatments.
Results
Post-test scores of frequencies of blinking significantly decreased, dry eye symptoms scores including amounts of tears significantly increased greater than pre-test scores in both groups. But there were no significant differences between the groups. Frequencies of blinking were significantly different with respect to the time spent using cellular phone. In both groups, the lowest frequencies of blinking were shown after 40 minutes of cellular phone use.
Conclusion
This study shows that using cellular phone has negative influence on dry eye syndrome and eyes require a resting period after cellular phone use over 40 minutes.
Key Words: Cellular phone; University; Students; Dry eye syndrome

Figure 1

The change of frequency of blinking according to time.

A=Before smartphone use; B1=20 minutes after smartphone use; B2= 40 minutes after smartphone use; B3=60 minutes after smartphone use; C1=immediately after remove smartphone use; C2=20 minutes after remove smartphone use; C3=40 minutes after remove smartphone use.

Table 1

Homogeneity Test of General Characteristics and Pretest Dependent Variables (N=60)

^†Fisher's exact test; ^‡Multiple answered; ^§Mann-Whitney U test.

Table 2

Differences of Dependent Variables between Pretest and Posttest (N=60)

Table 3

Differences of Dependent Variables between Video Group and Game Group (N=60)

Table 4

Comparison of Frequency of Blinking by Repeated Measures ANOVA (N=60)

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